OPINION
HAWKINS, Senior Circuit Judge:
While handcuffed in the back seat of a patrol car, Everardo Torres ("Everardo") was mortally wounded when Madera City Police Officer Marcy Noriega ("Officer Noriega") shot him in the chest with her Glock semiautomatic pistol, believing it at the time to be her Taser M26 stun gun. Everardo's family filed this survival action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, asserting excessive force in violation of the Fourth Amendment,...
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