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FISHER v. TUCSON UNIFIED SCHOOL DIST.

Nos. 10-15124, 10-15375, 10-15407.

652 F.3d 1131 (2011)

Roy FISHER; Josie Fisher; Maria Mendoza, Edward A. Contreras, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. TUCSON UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT, Defendant-Appellee, Sidney L. Sutton; Sally J. Sutton; John R. Centeno; Mary Katherine Centeno; Librada G. Ruiz; Sidney Taize, Defendant-intervenors-Appellees, v. United States of America, Plaintiff-intervenor. Roy Fisher; Josie Fisher, Plaintiffs-Appellants, and Maria Mendoza; Edward A. Contreras, Plaintiffs, United States of America, Plaintiff-intervenor, v. Tucson Unified School District, Defendant-Appellee, Sidney L. Sutton; Sally J. Sutton; John R. Centeno; Mary Katherine Centeno; Librada G. Ruiz; Sidney Taize, Defendant-intervenors-Appellees. Roy Fisher; Josie Fisher; Maria Mendoza; Edward A. Contreras, Plaintiffs-Appellees, United States of America, Plaintiff-intervenor-Appellee, v. Tucson Unified School District, Defendant-Appellant, and Sidney L. Sutton; Sally J. Sutton; John R. Centeno; Mary Katherine Centeno; Librada G. Ruiz; Sidney Taize, Defendant-intervenors.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed July 19, 2011.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Rubin Salter, Jr., Tucson, AZ, for the Fisher plaintiffs-appellants/cross appellees.

Cynthia Valenzuela Dixon, Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Lois D. Thompson,   Jessica Freiheit Kurzban, and Jennifer Roche, Proskauer Rose, LLP, Los Angeles, CA, for the Mendoza plaintiffs-appellants/cross appellees.

Thomas E. Perez, Assistant Attorney General, Dennis J. Dimsey and Holly A. Thomas, Civil Rights Division, Appellate Section, United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for plaintiff-intervenor the United States.

Richard M. Yetwin,   Heather K. Gaines, and Sesaly O. Stamps, DeConcini McDonald Yetwin & Lacy, P.C., Tucson, AZ, for defendant-appellee/cross appellant Tucson Unified School District.

Before: BETTY B. FLETCHER and SIDNEY R. THOMAS, Circuit Judges, and NANCY GERTNER, District Judge.

OPINION

THOMAS, Circuit Judge:

In 1974, African American and Mexican American students sued the Tucson, Arizona, school system, alleging intentional segregation and unconstitutional discrimination on the basis of race and national origin. For some 30 years after the parties settled in 1978, Tucson's schools operated subject to a federally enforced desegregation decree. In a careful review of the progress under the decree, the district court concluded that...

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