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CALIFORNIA EX REL. HARRIS v. SAFEWAY, INC.

Nos. 08-55671, 08-55708.

651 F.3d 1118 (2011)

State of CALIFORNIA, ex rel. Kamala D. HARRIS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SAFEWAY, INC., a Safeway Company doing business as Vons; Albertsons, Inc.; Ralphs Grocery Company, a division of the Kroger Company; Food 4 Less Food Company, a division of the Kroger Company; Vons Companies Inc., an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Safeway, Inc., Defendants-Appellees. State of California, ex rel. Kamala D. Harris, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Safeway Inc. a Safeway Company doing business as Vons; Albertsons, Inc.; Ralphs Grocery Company, a division of the Kroger Company; Food 4 Less Food Company, a division of the Kroger Company; Vons Companies Inc. an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Safeway, Inc. Defendants-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed July 12, 2011.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General for the State of California; Kathleen E. Foote, Senior Assistant Attorney General; Barbara M. Motz, Supervising Deputy Attorney General; Patricia L. Nagler, Deputy Attorney General; Cheryl L. Johnson, Deputy Attorney General; and Jonathan M. Eisenberg (argued), Deputy Attorney General, Los Angeles, CA, for the plaintiff-appellant/cross-appellee.

Alan B. Clark,   Peter K. Huston, Latham & Watkins LLP, Los Angeles, CA, and Jeremy P. Sherman, Seyfarth Shaw LLP, Chicago, IL, for respondents-appellees/cross-appellants Safeway, Inc. and The Vons Companies, Inc.

Jeffrey A. LeVee,   Craig E. Stewart (argued), and Kate P. Wallace,   Jones Day, Los Angeles, CA, for respondent-appellee/cross-appellant Albertson's, Inc.

Robert B. Pringle, Winston & Strawn, San Francisco, CA, for respondents-appellees/cross-appellants Ralphs Grocery Company and Food 4 Less Company.

Robin S. Conrad,   Shane B. Kawka, Washington, DC, for amicus curiae Chamber of Commerce of the United States.

Charles I. Cohen,   Jonathan C. Fritts and David R. Broderdorf, Washington, DC, for amici curiae Chamber of Commerce of the United States and Council on Labor Law Equality.

Jeffrey A. Berman, Los Angeles, CA, for amicus curiae Employers Group.

Robert M. McKenna, Attorney General of Washington and Mark O. Brevard, Assistant Attorney General, Seattle, WA; and Nancy H. Rogers, Attorney General of Ohio and Jennifer L. Pratt, Chief, Antitrust Section, Columbus, OH, for amici curiae Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Tennessee, Washington, and West Virginia.

Nicholas W. Clark, Washington, DC, for amicus curiae United Food and Commercial Workers International Union.

Michael D. Four, Los Angeles, CA, for amici curiae UFCW Local Unions 135, 324, 770, 1036, 1167, 1428, and 1442.

Andrew D. Roth, Washington, DC, for amici curiae United Food and Commercial Workers International Union, UFCW Local Unions 135, 324, 770, 1036, 1167, 1428, and 1442, Change to Win, and AFL-CIO.

Richard M. Brunell, Washington, DC, for amicus curiae American Antitrust Institute.

Opinion by Judge GOULD; Concurrence by Judge FISHER; Partial Dissent by Chief Judge KOZINSKI; Partial Concurrence and Partial Dissent by Judge REINHARDT.

OPINION

GOULD, Circuit Judge:

We must decide whether an agreement among competitors to share revenues during the term of a labor dispute is exempt from the antitrust laws under the non-statutory labor exemption, and if not, whether the agreement should be condemned as a per se violation of the antitrust laws or on a truncated "quick look," or whether more detailed scrutiny is required. We conclude that the agreement is not immune from the antitrust laws...

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