IN RE INSURANCE BROKERAGE ANTITRUST LITIGATION

Nos. 07-4046, 08-1455, 08-1777. MDL No. 1663.

618 F.3d 300 (2010)

In re INSURANCE BROKERAGE ANTITRUST LITIGATION OptiCare Health Systems, Inc., Comcar Industries, Inc., Sunburst Hospitality Corporation, Robert Mulcahy, Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District, Glenn Singer, Redwood Oil Company, Omni Group of Companies, Bayou Steel Corporation, Clear Lam Packaging, Inc., Cellect, LLC, Enclave, LLC, Gateway Club Apartments, Ltd., Michigan Multi-King, Inc., City of Stamford, Belmont Holdings Corporation, Tri-State Container Corporation, Appellants In re Employee Benefit Insurance Brokerage Antitrust Litigation Maryann Waxman, on behalf of herself and all others similarly situated, Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District, Christopher Bare, David Boros, Cynthia Brandes, Hans Fuson, Sharon Gehringer, Larry Hayes, Brannen Henn, Robert H. Kimball, Wayne Moran, Alicia A. Pombo, Clear Lam Packaging Inc., Connecticut Spring & Stamp Company, City of Danbury, Connecticut, Fire District of Sun City West, Hollander Home Fashions Corporation, Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

Filed August 16, 2010.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Ellen Meriwether, Esquire (Argued), Bryan L. Clobes, Esquire , Cafferty Faucher LLP, Philadelphia, PA, Joe R. Whatley, Jr., Esquire (Argued), Edith M. Kallas, Esquire , Whatley Drake & Kallas LLC, New York, NY, Charlene P. Ford, Esquire , Whatley Drake & Kallas LLC, Birmingham, AL, for Appellants.

Daniel J. Leffell, Esquire , Andrew C. Finch, Esquire , David J. Friar, Esquire , Paul Weiss Rifkind Wharton & Garrison LLP, New York, NY, Kenneth A. Gallo, Esquire , Paul Weiss Rifkind Wharton & Garrison LLP, Washington, D.C., for Appellees, American International Group, Inc.; American International Specialty Lines Insurance Company; Lexington Insurance Company; AIG Casualty Company f/k/a Birmingham Fire Insurance Company of Pennsylvania; American Home Assurance Company; National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, Pa.; National Union Fire Insurance Company of Louisiana; American International Insurance Company; The Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania; AIU Insurance Company; Commerce and Industry Insurance Company; New Hampshire Insurance Company; The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company; Illinois National Insurance Co.; AIG Life Holdings (US), Inc. f/k/a American General Corporation; AIG Excess Liability Insurance Company Ltd. f/k/a Staff Excess Liability Company, Ltd.; AIG Life Insurance Company; The United States Life Insurance Company in the City of New York.

Seth P. Waxman, Esquire (Argued), William J. Kolasky, Esquire , Jonathan E. Nuechterlein, Esquire , Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale & Dorr LLP, Washington, D.C., Paul A. Engelmayer, Esquire , Robert W. Trenchard, Esquire , Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale & Dorr LLP, New York, NY, Andrea J. Robinson, Esquire , John J. Butts, Esquire , Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale & Dorr LLP, Boston, MA, for Appellees, The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc.; Hartford Fire Insurance Co.; Twin City Fire Insurance Co.; Pacific Insurance Co., Ltd.; Nutmeg Insurance Co.; The Hartford Fidelity & Bonding Co.; Hartford Life and Accident Insurance Company; Hartford Life Group Insurance Company; Hartford Life Insurance Company.

Donald A. Robinson, Esquire , Leda Dunn Wettre, Esquire , Robinson Wettre & Miller LLC, Newark, NJ, Richard C. Godfrey, Esquire , Leslie M. Smith, Esquire , Daniel E. Laytin, Esquire , Elizabeth A. Larsen, Esquire , Kirkland & Ellis LLP, Chicago, IL, for Appellees, Aon Corporation; Aon Broker Services, Inc.; Aon Risk Services Companies, Inc.; Aon Risk Services, Inc. U.S.; Aon Risk Services, Inc. of Maryland; Aon Risk Services, Inc. of Louisiana; Aon Risk Services of Texas, Inc.; Aon Risk Services, Inc. of Michigan; Aon Group, Inc.; Aon Services Group, Inc.; Aon Re, Inc.; Affinity Insurance Services, Inc.; Aon Re Global, Inc.; Aon Consulting, Inc.

Liza M. Walsh, Esquire , Marc D. Haefner, Esquire , Connell Foley LLP, Roseland, NJ, H. Lee Godfrey, Esquire , Neal S. Manne, Esquire , Johnny Carter, Esquire , Susman Godfrey LLP, Houston, TX, Jeremy S. Brandon, Esquire , Susman Godfrey LLP, Dallas, TX, for Appellees, ACE Limited; ACE INA Holdings, Inc.; ACE USA, Inc.; ACE American Insurance Co.; Westchester Surplus Lines Insurance Co.; Illinois Union Insurance Co.; Indemnity Insurance Co. of North America; ACE Group Holdings, Inc.; ACE U.S. Holdings, Inc.; Westchester Fire Insurance Company; INA Corporation; INA Financial Corporation; INA Holdings Corporation; ACE Property & Casualty Insurance Co.; Pacific Employers Insurance Co.

Eamon O'Kelly, Esquire , Johns F. Collins, Esquire , Dewey & LeBoeuf LLP, David J. Grais, Esquire , Grais & Ellsworth LLP, New York, NY, for Appellees, American Re Corporation; American Re-Insurance Company; Munich-American Risk Partners; American Alternative Insurance Corporation.

Michael L. Weiner, Esquire , Paul M. Eckles, Esquire , Skadden Arps Slate Meagher & Flom LLP, New York, NY, for Appellees, AXIS Specialty Insurance Company; AXIS Surplus Insurance Company; AXIS Capital Holdings Ltd.

Michael L. McCluggage, Esquire , Beth L. Fancsali, Esquire , Wildman Harrold Allen & Dixon LLP, Chicago, IL, for Appellees, CNA Financial Corp.; The Continental Insurance Co.; Continental Casualty Co.; American Casualty Co. of Reading, PA.

Lazar P. Raynal, Esquire , McDermott Will & Emery LLP, Chicago, IL, for Appellees, Chicago Insurance Co.; Fireman's Fund Insurance Company; National Surety Corp.

Peter R. Bisio, Esquire , Hogan Lovells U.S. LLP, Washington, D.C., for Appellees, The Chubb Corporation; Federal Insurance Company; Executive Risk Indemnity Inc.; Vigilant Insurance Company.

Louis G. Corsi, Esquire , Landman Corsi Ballaine & Ford P.C., New York, NY, for Appellees, Crum & Forster Holdings Corp.; United States Fire Insurance Company.

John L. Thurman, Esquire , Farrell & Thurman PC, Skillman, NJ, Robert A. Alessi, Esquire , Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP, New York, NY, for Appellees, Greenwich Insurance Company; Indian Harbor Insurance Company; XL Capital Ltd.; X.L. America, Inc.; XL Insurance America, Inc.

Alan L. Kildow, Esquire , Sonya R. Braunschweig, Esquire , Jarod M. Bona, Esquire , DLA Piper U.S. LLP, Minneapolis, MN, for Appellees, Wells Fargo & Co.; Acordia, Inc.

Jonathan M. Wilan, Esquire , Hunton & Williams LLP, Washington, D.C., John J. Gibbons, Esquire , Michael R. Griffinger, Esquire , Gibbons P.C., Newark, NJ, for Appellee, Hilb, Rogal & Hobbs Company.

Richard C. Pepperman II, Esquire , Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, New York, NY, for Appellees, Willis Group Holdings Limited; Willis Group Limited; Willis North America, Inc.; Willis of New York, Inc.; Willis of Michigan, Inc.

Kevin J. Fee, Esquire , Kornstein Veisz Wexler & Pollard LLP, New York, NY, Brian E. Robison, Esquire , Vinson & Elkins LLP, Dallas, TX, for Appellees, Liberty Mutual Holding Company, Inc.; Liberty Mutual Insurance Co.; Liberty Mutual Fire Insurance Co.; Wausau Underwriters Insurance Co.; Employers Insurance Co. of Wausau; Wausau Business Insurance Co.; Wausau General Insurance Co.

Michael J. Garvey, Esquire , Paul C. Curnin, Esquire , David Elbaum, Esquire , Bryce L. Friedman, Esquire , Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP, New York, NY, for Appellees, The Travelers Companies, Inc.; St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Company; Gulf Insurance Company; St. Paul Mercury Insurance Company; Travelers Casualty and Surety Company of America; The Travelers Indemnity Company; Athena Assurance Company; Travelers Property Casualty Corp.

Henry Weisburg, Esquire , Shearman & Sterling LLP, New York, NY, for Appellees, Munich Reinsurance.

Michael M. Maddigan, Esquire , Paul B. Salvaty, Esquire , O'Melveny & Myers LLP, Los Angeles, CA, Samuel P. Moulthrop, Esquire , Riker Danzig Scherer Hyland & Perretti LLP, Morristown, NJ, for Appellees, Life Insurance Company of North America; Connecticut General Life Insurance Company.

James W. Carbin, Esquire , Duane Morris LLP, Newark, NJ, for Appellees, MetLife, Inc.; Metropolitan Life Insurance Company; Paragon Life Insurance Company; General American Life Insurance Company; New England Life Insurance Company; Citicorp Life Insurance Company; Travelers Life and Annuity Company; Travelers Insurance Company; Reinsurance Group of America, Inc.

Edward G. Biester III, Esquire , Jeffrey S. Pollack, Esquire , Duane Morris LLP, Philadelphia, PA, for Appellees, MetLife, Inc.; Metropolitan Life Insurance Company; Paragon Life Insurance Company.

Douglas S. Eakeley, Esquire , John R. Middleton, Esquire , Matthew Savare, Esquire , Scott L. Walker, Esquire , Lowenstein Sandler PC, Roseland, NJ, for Appellees, Prudential Financial, Inc.; The Prudential Insurance Company of America.

Patrick W. Shea, Esquire (Argued), Paul Hastings Janofsky & Walker LLP, New York, NY, Steven P. Del Mauro, Esquire , McElroy Deutsch Mulvaney & Carpenter LLP, Newark, NJ, for Appellees, The Unum Group Corporation; Unum Life Insurance Company of America; Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company.

Stephen P. Younger, Esquire , Laura J. Wood, Esquire , Patterson Belknap Webb & Tyler LLP, New York, NY, for Appellees, Universal Life Resources; ULR Insurance Services Inc.; Benefits Commerce; Douglas P. Cox.

Rachel L. Gerstein, Esquire , Robert H. Pees, Esquire , Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP, New York, NY, for Appellees, USI Holdings Corporation; USI Consulting Group, Inc.; USI Services Corporation f/k/a USI Insurance Services Corp.

Kevin P. Roddy, Esquire , Wilentz Goldman & Spitzer, P.A., Woodbridge, NJ, for Amicus Curiae-Appellants at 07-4046, National Association of Shareholder and Consumer Attorneys (NASCAT).

Eugene R. Anderson, Esquire , Anderson Kill & Olick, P.C., New York, NY, for Amicus Curiae-Appellants at 07-4046, United Policyholders.

Before SCIRICA, FISHER and GREENBERG, Circuit Judges.


OPINION OF THE COURT

SCIRICA, Circuit Judge.

This appeal from orders of dismissal under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) involves multiple putative class actions alleging massive conspiracies throughout the insurance industry. Plaintiffs are purchasers of commercial and employee benefit insurance, and defendants are insurers and insurance brokers that deal in those lines of insurance. According to plaintiffs, defendants entered into unlawful, deceptive...

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