HALL, Circuit Judge:
Defendants-appellants appeal the order of the Eastern District of New York (Amon, J.), preliminarily enjoining the sale of untaxed cigarettes to anyone not a member of the Unkechauge Nation. We consider here whether the City of New York (the "City") has demonstrated that it is entitled to a preliminary injunction. In order to effectuate our analysis, for the reasons that follow, we certify to the New York Court of Appeals two questions...
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