BOUDIN, Circuit Judge.
The government's appeal in this case presents the question of whether 47 U.S.C. § 223(a)(1)(D)(2000), which criminalizes "mak[ing] or caus[ing] the telephone of another repeatedly or continuously to ring, with intent to harass any person at the called number," requires a subjective purpose to harass, or whether it suffices that the caller can foresee that the victim will feel abused or distressed. The factual and procedural background can...
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