CITY OF NEW YORK v. SMOKES-SPIRITS.COM, INC.

Docket Nos. 06-1665-cv(L), 06-1693-cv(CON), 06-1694-cv(CON), 06-1695-cv(CON).

541 F.3d 425 (2008)

CITY OF NEW YORK, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SMOKES-SPIRITS.COM, INC., Michael Klee, www.smokincheap.com, C4LESS, LLC, John Does 1-100, Vincent Klee III, Jeff Marc LeBlanc, National Wholesale, LLC and Natalie Saalfeld, Defendants-Appellees, and Joyce E. Houle, doing business as Indiancreektobacco.com, Kerry Varline, doing business as Keweenaw Bay Outfitters & Trading Post, Laurie Patterson, Cigarette Outlet, Inc., Walid Enterprises, Inc., A.E. Sales LLC, Marilyn Samuelson, Allen Edmo, Tonna Edmo, Allen Smith, VJ Inc., A1 Enterprises, Inc., Davdi Ray, doing business as Discount Cigarettes, Gerald A. Fow, doing business as Dannystobacco.Com, Esmokes, Inc., ESM Holdings, Inc., PA Resources, Inc., doing business as Tobacco123.Com, Wayne Stull, Paul Rainburd, doing business as Silver Cloud Smoke Shop, Terry Kilgore, Gary E. Kirschner and Scott Welker, Defendants. City of New York, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Scot Herring, doing business as Nccigarettes.com, Jeff Reinhardt, Xfire Software LLC and NCCigarettes.Com, Defendants-Appellees, and Joyce E. Houle, doing business as Indiancreektobacco.com, Kerry Varline, doing business as Keweenaw Bay Outfitters & Trading Post, Jerry Magnant, doing business as Keweenaw Bay Outfitters & Trading Post, Laurie Patterson, Cigarette Outlet, Inc., Walid Enterprises, Inc., A.E. Sales LLC, Marilyn Samuelson, Allen Edmo, Tonna Edmo, Allen Smith, VJ InC., A1 Enterprises, Inc., David Ray, doing business as Discount Cigarettes, Gerald A. Fow, doing business as Dannystobacco.com, Defendants. City of New York, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Theresa Justice, doing business as Eztobacco.com and Theresa Trivett, Defendants-Appellees, and Esmokes, Inc., ESM Holdings, Inc., PA Resources, Inc., doing business as Tobacco123.com, Wayne Stull, Paul Rainburd, doing business as Silver Cloud Smoke Shop, Terry Kilgore, Gary E. Kirschner and Scott Welker, Defendants. City of New York, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Nexicon, Inc., f/k/a Cyco. Net, Inc., Richard A. Urrea, Fred Teutenberg, Brent Wolford, Daniel R. Urrea, Hemi Group, LLC., Brian Pereyra, D.C., Inc., Michael E. Smith d/b/a Paylesscigs, Domains for Sale, Hooray's Inc., Stephen F. Knopp, Burt Newman, Dmitriy Zilberman, S4L Distributing, Inc., William C. Baker III, Double B Distributing, d/b/a Discount Tobacco Store, Kai Gachupin, Dirtcheapcigs.com, Inc, and William J. Bevins, Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

Decided: September 2, 2008.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Elizabeth S. Natrella, of counsel (Leonard Koerner, Eric Proshansky, of counsel; Michael A. Cardozo, Corporation Counsel of the City of New York, on the brief) New York, NY, for Plaintiff-Appellant.

Michael B. Powers, Phillips Lytle, LLP, Buffalo, N.Y. (Preston L. Zarlock, Michael S. Cerrone, William H. Baaki, Phillips Lytle, LLP, Buffalo, NY, on the brief; Rachel L. Mitchell, Gowanda, NY, on the brief), for Defendant-Appellant Smokes & Spirits, LLC.1

Randolph H. Barnhouse, Luebben Johnson & Barnhouse LLP, Albuquerque, NM, for Defendants-Appellants Hemi Group, LLC and Kai Gachupin.

David K. Heasley, Silverbery Goldman & Bikoff LLP (Toby M.J. Butterfield, Cowan DeBaets, Abrahams & Sheppard LLP, New York, NY, on the brief; James L. Bikoff, Silverbery Goldman & Bikoff LLP, Washington DC, of counsel), for Defendants-Appellants Scott Herring, Teresa Trivett, and Nexicon, Inc., et al.2

Judge WINTER dissents in part and concurs in part in a separate opinion.


STRAUB, Circuit Judge:

In these four consolidated cases, the Plaintiff-Appellant City of New York ("City") appeals from the judgments of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Deborah A. Batts, Judge), dismissing its civil claims under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1961-68 ("RICO"); claims of common law fraud; claims under New York's consumer protection statute, as codified at...

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