VERGARA v. STATE OF CALIFORNIA

No. B258589.

246 Cal.App.4th 619 (2016)

BEATRIZ VERGARA, a Minor, etc., et al., Plaintiffs and Respondents, v. STATE OF CALIFORNIA et al., Defendants and Appellants; CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION et al., Interveners and Appellants.

Court of Appeals of California, Second District, Division Two.

April 14, 2016.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Kamala D. Harris , Attorney General, Edward C. DuMont , Solicitor General, Julie Weng-Gutierrez , Assistant Attorney General, Janill L. Richards , Gregory D. Brown and Aimee Feinberg , Deputy Solicitors General, Susan M. Carson and Nimrod P. Elias , Deputy Attorneys General, for Defendants and Appellants.

Rothner Segall & Greenstone, Glenn Rothner ; Altshuler Berzon , Michael Rubin , Stacey M. Leyton , Eileen B. Goldsmith and P. Casey Pitts for Interveners and Appellants California Teachers Association and California Federation of Teachers.

Reed Smith, Paul D. Fogel , Raymond A. Cardozo , Thomas A. Evans , Kevin M. Hara ; Jennifer W. Bezoza , Travis Silva and Dana M. Isaac for Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights of the San Francisco Bay Area, Education Law Center, Equal Justice Society, Southern Poverty Law Center and Asian Americans Advancing Justice — Los Angeles as Amici Curiae on behalf of Appellants.

Catherine L. Fisk and Erwin Chemerinsky , University of California, Irvine Law for Constitutional Law Professors as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Appellants.

Stroock & Stroock & Lavan, Steven D. Atlee , Christine E. Ellice , Charles G. Moerdler , Alan M. Klinger , Beth A. Norton , Dina Kolker , David J. Kahne , Nathan H. Stopper ; and David Strom for American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO, as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Appellants.

Judith A. Scott , James & Hoffman, Claire P. Prestel for Service Employees International Union as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Appellants.

Matthew S. Blumin and Michael Artz for American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Appellants.

Michael R. Clancy for California School Employees Association as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Appellants.

Kathryn Sheffield for California Faculty Association as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Appellants.

Persyn Law & Policy, Mary Kelly Persyn ; Ronald A. Peterson Law Clinic, Charlotte Garden , Lorraine Bannai and Robert Chang for California Teachers, American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law & Equality and American Association of University Professors as Amici Curiae on behalf of Appellants.

Donahue & Goldberg, Sean H. Donahue ; Schwartz, Steinsapir, Dohrmann & Sommers and Henry M. Willis for Kevin Beiser, Joan Buchanan, Ciro C. Calderon, Rob Collins, Tom Conry, Jennifer Freemon, Matt Haney, Michael Harrelson, Richard Hoy, Sarah Kirby-Gonzalez, Rob Nunez, Erik Ortega, Cecilia Perez, Annemarie Randle-Trejo, Claudia Rossi, Ryan Anthony Ruelas, Noelani Sallings, Shamann Walton, Steve Waterman and Steve Zimmer as Amici Curiae on behalf of Appellants.

Alice O'Brien , Eric A. Harrington , Kristen Hollar and Derrick Ward for National Education Association as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Appellants.

Keker & Van Nest, Steven A. Hirsch and Katherine M. Lloyd-Lovett for Education Deans, Professors and Scholars as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Appellants.

Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, Theodore B. Olson , Joshua S. Lipshutz , Kevin J. Ring-Dowell , Theodore J. Boutrous, Jr. , Marcellus A. McRae , Theane D. Evangelis and Enrique A. Monagas for Plaintiffs and Respondents.

Kaufhold Gaskin, Steven S. Kaufhold , Janathan B. Gaskin and Quynh K. Vu for Students Transforming Education, Jan Bauer, Priscilla Davis, Dan Tick, Paula Tillotson, Neva Sullaway and Ann Wellman as Amici Curiae on behalf of Respondents.

Kronick, Moskovitz, Tiedemann & Girard, Christian M. Keiner and Chelsea Olson for California County Superintendents Education Services Association as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Respondents.

Sidley Austin, Michelle B. Goodman , James D. Arden and Peter D. Kauffman for National Council on Teacher Quality and The New Teacher Project as Amici Curiae on behalf of Respondents.

Shook, Hardy & Bacon, Tristan L. Duncan , Laurence H. Tribe , Tammy B. Webb for Constitutional Scholars; Rachel F. Moran , Michael J. Connell and Dawinder S. Sidhu as Amici Curiae on behalf of Respondents.

Lubin Olson & Niewiadomski, Jonathan E. Sommer and Kyle A. Withers for Betheny Gross, Jane Hannaway, Cory Koedel and Jonah Rockoff as Amici Curiae on behalf of Respondents.

Arnold & Porter, Douglas A. Winthrop and Christopher T. Scanlan for Students First as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Respondents.

Horvitz & Levy, Jeremy B. Rosen , Robert H. Wright and Emily V. Cuatto for Silicon Valley Leadership Group, California Business Roundtable, Foundation for Excellence in Education, Orange County Business Council, California Chamber of Commerce and Valley Industry & Commerce Association as Amici Curiae on behalf of Respondents.

Jenner & Block, Kenneth K. Lee , L. David Russell and Andrew G. Sullivan for Education Trust — West, Oakland Alliance of Black Educators, Los Angeles Urban League, Black Alliance for Education Options as Amici Curiae on behalf of Respondents.

Dannis Woliver Kelley , Sue Ann Salmon Evans ; Lozano Smith , Michael Smith , Dulcinea Grantham , Keith J. Bray and Joshua R. Daniels for Education Legal Alliance of the California School Boards Association as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Respondents.

White & Case, Bryan A. Merryman , Elliott E. Dionisio and J. Taylor Akerblom for Governors Arnold Schwarzenegger and Pete Wilson as Amici Curiae on behalf of Respondents.

Chandler & Shechet, Aaron Nathan Shechet and Leigh Anne Chandler for Adam Kuppersmith, Karen Sykes-Orpe and Katherine Czujko as Amici Curiae on behalf of Respondents.

Fagen Friedman & Fulfrost, Roy A. Combs , David Mishook and Alejandra Leon for Association of California School Administrators as Amicus Curiae on behalf of Respondents.

Proskauer Rose , Lois D. Thompson and Irina Constantin for Current and Former School Superintendents John White, Hanna Skandera, Paul Pastorek, Kevin S. Huffman and Cami Anderson as Amici Curiae on behalf of Respondents.


OPINION

In this lawsuit, nine students who were attending California public schools sued the State of California and several state officials, seeking a court order declaring various provisions of the Education Code unconstitutional. According to plaintiffs, these provisions, which govern how kindergarten through grade 12 public...

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