TORRUELLA, Circuit Judge.
This is an appeal from the district court's issuance of an order permanently enjoining the defendants — several members and officials of the Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board ("EQB") — from imposing a $76 million fine on the plaintiff, Esso Standard Oil Company ("Esso"). On appeal, the defendants argue that the district court should have abstained from exercising jurisdiction pursuant to the Younger abstention doctrine...
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