U.S. v. BOYD

No. 06-50051.

480 F.3d 1178 (2007)

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Joel BOYD, Defendant-Appellant.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed March 23, 2007.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Michael J. Khouri and Patrick A. Craig, Buckner, Khouri & Mirkovich, Costa Mesa, CA, for the defendant-appellant.

Donald F. Gaffney, Assistant United States Attorney, Los Angeles, CA, for the plaintiff-appellee.

Before ALFRED T. GOODWIN, ROBERT R. BEEZER, and RICHARD C. TALLMAN, Circuit Judges.


PER CURIAM.

Boyd and his cohorts robbed Cash Plus at gunpoint of $26,000 and were convicted. Boyd appeals, contending that the government failed to prove two requisite elements of a Hobbs Act conviction: (1) that Cash Plus was engaged in interstate commerce; and (2) that the robbery in any way obstructed, delayed, or affected interstate commerce. See 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a).

The government proved that Cash Plus, although owned by a domestic California...

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