U.S. v. BURLINGTON NORTHERN & SANTA FE RY. CO.

Nos. 03-17125, 03-17153, 03-17169.

479 F.3d 1113 (2007)

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff, and Department of Toxic Substances Control, State of California, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. BURLINGTON NORTHERN & SANTA FE RAILWAY COMPANY, as successor in interest to the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company; Union Pacific Transportation Company, as successor in interest to the Southern Pacific Transportation Company; Shell Oil Company, Defendants-Appellees. United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, and Department of Toxic Substances Control, State of California, Plaintiff, v. Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Company, as successor in interest to the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company; Union Pacific Transportation Company, as successor in interest to the Southern Pacific Transportation Company; Shell Oil Company, Defendants-Appellees. United States of America; Department of Toxic Substances Control, State of California, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Company, as successor in interest to the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company; Union Pacific Transportation Company, as successor in interest to the Southern Pacific Transportation Company, Defendants, and Shell Oil Company, Defendant-Appellant.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Submission Withdrawn September 14, 2005.

Resubmitted March 16, 2007.

Filed March 16, 2007.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Aaron P. Avila, Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., argued the case for appellant EPA; Kelly Johnson, Acting Assistant Attorney General, David C. Shilton, James R. MacAyeal, and John T. Stahr, Department of Justice, Environment and Natural Resources Division, Washington, D.C., Allyn Stern, Office of Regional Counsel, EPA, were on the briefs for appellant EPA.

Reed Sato, Deputy Attorney General of the State of California, Sacramento, CA, argued the case and was on the briefs for appellant California Department of Toxic Substances Control; Bill Lockyer, Attorney General of the State of California, Tom Greene, Chief Assistant Attorney General, and Theodora P. Berger, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Sacramento, CA, were on the briefs for appellant California Department of Toxic Substances Control.

John F. Barg, San Francisco, CA, argued the case for appellees Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Company and Union Pacific Transportation Company; Marc A. Zeppetello, San Francisco, CA, was on the briefs for the appellees.

Michael K. Johnson, San Francisco, CA, argued the case for appellee-cross-appellant Shell Oil Company; Randall J. Heldt, Shell Oil Company, Houston, TX, was on the briefs for appellee-cross-appellant Shell.

Before BETTY B. FLETCHER, JOHN R. GIBSON, and MARSHA S. BERZON, Circuit Judges.


BERZON, Circuit Judge.

A now-defunct company, Brown & Bryant, Inc. (B & B), owned and operated a facility at which toxic chemicals were stored and distributed. Part of the land on which the chemical operation was located was owned by two railroad companies (the Railroads), and some of the chemicals used by B & B were supplied and delivered to the facility by Shell Oil Company (Shell). Because toxic chemicals remaining at the facility threatened groundwater...

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