CITIZENS FOR EQUAL PROTECTION v. BRUNING

No. 05-2604.

455 F.3d 859 (2006)

CITIZENS FOR EQUAL PROTECTION, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Jon C. BRUNING, Attorney General; Dave Heineman, Governor, in their official capacities, Defendants-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

Filed: July 14, 2006.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Matt McNair, Deputy Attorney General (argued), Lincoln, NE (Dale A. Comer, Assistant Attorney General, Lincoln, NE, on the brief), for appellant.

Tamara Lange (argued) New York, NY (David S. Buckel, Brian Chase, Sharon M. McGowan, James D. Esseks, New York, NY, Robert F. Bartle, Amy A. Miller, Lincoln, NE, on the brief), for appellee.

Dwight G. Duncan, North Dartmouth, MA, for amicus curiae Alliance for Marriage, Inc.

Vincent P. McCarthy, Laura Hernandez, New Milford, CT, for amicus curiae The American Center for Law & Justice Northeast, Inc.

Paul Benjamin Linton, Northbrook, IL, for amicus curiae The Nebraska Catholic Conference, Family First, Families for America, the Iowa Catholic Conference, the Minnesota Catholic Conference, the Missouri Catholic Conference, the North Dakota Catholic Conference, the Catholic Diocese of Little Rock, Arkansas, the Catholic Diocese of Rapid City, SD, and the Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls, SD.

Thomas M. Fisher, Solicitor General, Ellen Meilaender, Deputy Attorney General, Anna Tooman and Chris Farris, law clerks, all of the Indiana Office of the Attorney General, for amicus curiae the States of Indiana, Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota and Texas.

Kim Daniels, Ann Arbor, MI, Matthew F. Heffron, Omaha, NE, for amicus curiae Thomas More Law Center.

Benjamin W. Bull, Glen Lavy, Byron Babione, Randall Wenger, Dale Schowengerdt, Alliance Defense Fund, Scottsdale, AZ, for amicus curiae Focus on the Family and Family Research Council.

Monte N. Stewart, William C. Duncan, Marriage Law Foundation, Provo, UT, for amicus curiae United Families International and The Center for Arizona Policy.

Lynn D. Wardle, Provo, UT, for amicus curiae Thirty-Four (34) Law Professors.

Brian Fahling (WA Bar No. 18894), Stephen M. Crampton (TX Bar No. 05005020), Michael J. DePrimo (MS Bar No. 10813), for amicus curiae American Family Assn., Inc.

Joshua K. Baker, Washington, DC, for amicus curiae Hon. Tom Baker, Carroll Bruling, Jeanne Combs, Patrick Engel, Philip Erdman, Mike Foley, Mike Friend, Lavon Heidemann, Carol Hudkins, Jim Jenson, Robert Kremer, Adrian Smith, Elaine Stuhr and Arnie Stuthman, Members of the 99th Nebraska Legislature.

L. Steven Grasz, Omaha, NE, James D. McFarland, Lincoln, NE, for amicus curiae Nebraska Family Council.

Steven W. Fitschen, Colleen M. Holmes, National Legal Foundation of Virginia Beach, VA, for amicus curiae The National Legal Foundation.

Mathew D. Staver, Erick W. Stanley, Anita Staver, Rena Lindevaldsen, Mary McAlister, Longwood, FL, for amicus curiae Liberty Counsel.

Bill J. Hayes, Neely L. Fedde, Tim J. Riemann, Jana L. Torok, Overland Park, KS, for amicus curiae Susan Ann Koenig, Esq., Koenig & Tiritilli P.C., L.L.O.

Tara D. Sutton, Niall A. MacLeod, Minneapolis, MN, for amicus curiae Certain Chapters of Parents, Families & Friends of Lesbians & Gays.

Paul M. Smith, Washington, DC, for amicus curiae American Psychological Assn.

Thomas H. Boyd, Julie M. Engbloom, Matthew D. Spohn, Minneapolis, MN, for amicus curiae National Association of Social Workers and Nebraska Chapter of the National Association of Social Workers.

Before LOKEN, Chief Judge, BOWMAN and SMITH, Circuit Judges.


LOKEN, Chief Judge.

In November 2000, Nebraska voters passed by a large majority a constitutional amendment, codified as Article I, § 29 of the Nebraska Constitution, providing:

Only marriage between a man and a woman shall be valid or recognized in Nebraska. The uniting of two persons of the same sex in a civil union, domestic partnership, or other similar same-sex relationship shall not be valid or recognized in Nebraska.

Three public interest...

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