U.S. v. CINERGY CORP.

No. 06-1224.

458 F.3d 705 (2006)

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, and State of New York, et al., Plaintiffs-Intervenors/Appellees, v. CINERGY CORPORATION, et al., Defendants-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.

Decided August 17, 2006.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Thomas E. Kieper, Office of the United States Attorney, Indianapolis, IN, Todd Kim, Katherine J. Barton (argued), Department of Justice Environment & Natural Resources Division, Sarah D. Himmelhoch, Department of Justice Environmental Enforcement Section, Washington, DC, for Plaintiff-Appellee, United States of America.

Robert Rosenthal (argued), Attorney General of the State of New York Environmental Protection Bureau, Albany, NY, for Plaintiff-Appellee, State of New York.

Maurice A. Griffin, Office of the Attorney General, Trenton, NJ, for Plaintiff-Appellee, State of New Jersey.

Carmel A. Motherway, Office of the Attorney General, Hartford, CT, for Plaintiff-Appellee, State of Connecticut.

Jonathan F. Lewis, Clean Air Task Force, Boston, MA, for Plaintiffs-Appellees, Hoosier Environmental Council and Ohio Environment Council.

Constantine L. Trela, Jr. (argued), Sidley Austin, Chicago, IL, Mark D. Hopson, Sidley Austin, Washington, D.C., for Defendant-Appellant.

Robert D. Tambling, Office of the Attorney General, Montgomery, AL, for Amicus Curiae, State of Alabama.

Stephen Carter, Office of the Corporation Counsel, Indianapolis, IN, for Amicus Curiae, State of Indiana.

Phill Kline, Office of the Attorney General, Topeka, KS, for Amicus Curiae, State of Kansas.

Lawrence E. Long, Office of the Attorney General, Pierre, SD, for Amicus Curiae, State of South Dakota.

Mark L. Shurtleff, Office of the Attorney General, Salt Lake City, UT, for Amicus Curiae, State of Utah.

John W. Suthers, Office of the Attorney General, Denver, CO, for Amicus Curiae, State of Colorado.

Jon Bruning, Office of the Attorney General, Lincoln, NE, for Amicus Curiae, State of Nebraska.

Patrick J. Crank, Office of the Attorney General, Cheyenne, WY, for Amicus Curiae, State of Wyoming.

David W. Marquez, Office of the Attorney General, Anchorage, AK for Amicus Curiae, State of Alaska.

Robert V. Zener, Bingham McCutchen, Washington, DC, for Amicus Curiae, Indiana Manufactures Association, Inc.

Henry V. Nickel, Hunton & Williams, Washington, DC, for Amicus Curiae, Utility Air Regulatory Group.

David B. Rivkin, Baker & Hostetler, Washington, DC, for Amicus Curiae, Law Professors.

Ann Alexander, Office of the Attorney General Environmental Enforcement Division, Chicago, IL, for Amicus Curiae, State of Illinois.

Bill Lockyer, Office of the Attorney General, Sacramento, CA, for Amicus Curiae, State of California.

Carl C. Danberg, Office of the Attorney General, Wilmington, DE, for Amicus Curiae, State of Delaware.

Kelly A. Ayotte, Office of the New Hampshire Attorney General Consumer Protection Bureau, Concord, NH, for Amicus Curiae, State of New Hampshire.

G. Steven Rowe, Office of the Attorney General, August, ME, for Amicus Curiae, State of Maine.

J. Joseph Curren, Jr., Office of the Attorney General, Baltimore, MD, for Amicus Curiae, State of Maryland.

Thomas F. Reilly, Office of the Attorney General, Boston, MA, for Amicus Curiae, State of Massachusetts.

Susan Shinkman, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Protection, Harrisburg, PA, for Amicus Curiae, State of Pennsylvania.

William H. Sorrell, Office of the Attorney General, Montpelier, VT, for Amicus Curiae, State of Vermont.

Michael A. Cardozo, Corporation Counsel of New York, Amicus Curiae, City of New York.

Richard A. Wegman, Garvey Shubert Barer, Washington, DC, for Amicus Curiae, Province of Ontario, Canada.

Melanie Shepherdson, Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington, DC, for Amicus Curiae, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.

Before POSNER, EASTERBROOK, and ROVNER, Circuit Judges.


POSNER, Circuit Judge.

The Environmental Protection Agency sued the owner of a number of coal-fired electric power plants claiming that the owner (Cinergy) had violated section 165(a) of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. § 7475(a), by physically modifying the plants without first obtaining from the EPA a permit that the agency contends is required by EPA regulation 40 C.F.R. § 52.21 for the type of modification that Cinergy made. (Other regulations are applicable...

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