PETRUSKA v. GANNON UNIVERSITY

No. 05-1222.

448 F.3d 615 (2006)

Lynette M. PETRUSKA, Appellant v. GANNON UNIVERSITY; The Board of Trustees of Gannon University; William I. Alford, II; Robert H. Allshouse; Joseph F. Allison; Michael P. Allison, Rev.; James A. Baldauf; L. Scott Barnard; George J. Behringer; Arnold E. Bergquist; Lawrence E. Brandt, Rev. MSGR.; Robert L. Brugger, Rev. MSGR.; Donald M. Carlson; Daniel C. Carneval, D.O.; Stephanie Domitrovich, Hon.; Thomas L. Doolin; James J. Duratz; Antoine M. Garibaldi; Thomas C. Guelcher; William M. Hilbert, Sr.; Brian J. Jackman; James W. Keim, Jr.; Mary Rita Kuhn, Sr., SSJ; Thomas J. Loftus; Anne C. McCallion; Joseph T. Messina; Michael J. Nuttall; John E. Paganie; Denise Illig Robison; James J. Rutkowski, Jr.; James A. Schaffner; Helen M. Schilling, M.D., D.D.S.; John M. Schultz, Very Rev.; Robert J. Smith, Rev. MSGR.; Lawrence T. Speice, Rev. MSGR.; William C. Springer; James G. Toohey; Donald W. Trautman, Bishop; Anastasia Valimont, Sr. SSJ; Ricarda Vincent, Sr. SSJ; Melvin Witherspoon; All Other Known and Unknown Members of the Board of Trustees of Gannon University During the Tenure of Donald W. Trautman, as members of the Board of Trustees of Gannon University; David Rubino, MSGR., in their individual and official capacities; Nicholas Rouch, Rev., in their individual and official capacities.

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

May 24, 2006.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

C. John Pleban (Argued), Pleban & Associates, St. Louis, Missouri, for Appellant.

Evan C. Rudert (Argued), Elderkin, Martin, Kelly & Messina, Erie, Pennsylvania, Kenneth W. Wargo, Frank L. Kroto, Jr. (Argued), Quinn, Buseck, Leemhuis, Toohey & Kroto, Erie, Pennsylvania, for Appellees.

Phillip J. Murren, Ball, Murren & Connell, Camp Hill, Pennsylvania, for Amicus-Appellee.

Before SMITH, BECKER, and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges.


SMITH, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.

OPINION OF THE COURT

BECKER, Circuit Judge.

The ministerial exception to Title VII, a doctrine adopted by numerous courts, exempts religious organizations from employment discrimination suits brought by ministers. Grounded in the Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses of the United States Constitution, the ministerial exception was created to protect church autonomy and avoid entangling government...

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