BALDOCK, Senior Circuit Judge.
We address a single issue in this appeal: Whether, during an initial pat-down for weapons, an officer's insertion of his index finger into the instep of a suspect's "mid-top" sneaker exceeded the proper scope of a protective search.
I.
The relevant facts are undisputed. Boston police officers witnessed Defendant speaking with suspected gang members on a street in Boston known for gang violence. Moments later, during...
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