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CHARTER v. U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

No. 02-36140.

412 F.3d 1017 (2005)

Jeanne CHARTER; Steve Charter, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Defendant-Appellee, Charles M. Rein; James E. Courtney; Randall P. Smith; Ed Lord; George Hammond; John Swanz; Keith Bales; Keystone Ranches, Inc.; Simplot Livestock Co.; Agri Beef Company; John R. Wilson; David True; Lyle Gray, Defendant-Intervenors Appellees, v. Darrell Abbott; Dave J. Able; Louise Ahart; Irv Alderson; Jess Alger; Justin Baisch; Shana Baisch; William P. Bandel; Joseph J. Barrett; Dominic Begger; John Benson; Earl Berlier; Wade Beruer; Reg Billing; Robert Bomhoff; James H. Bowers; David E. Bowman; Ceabrian Ranch, Inc; Mike Callicrate; Don H. Chafee; Bill Christison; Lee D. Clark, Jr.; Leah R. Cole; C.M. Coffee; Jerry Cossitt; Audrey Cox; Conrad L. Cox; Geral L. Cox; Robert Cox; Arthur Daniel; Brett Debruycker; Kay Debruycker; Lloyd Debruycker; David Deechant; Grant Dobbs; Mabel E. Dobbs; Les Duffner; John Dyer; Richard Eiguren Family Limited Partnership; Ronald Ferster; Peggy Ferster; Naomi Fink; Mark Fix; Alan Folda; Glenn Follmer; John Gaynor; Rick Golder; Richard Gosman; Ben W. Green; Bizz Green; Grant Greiman; Barr Gustafson; Doug Harrison; Gladys Harrison; Bert Hammond; Arlenee Hammond; Joseph Hanser; Jogn M. Heyneman; Gordon O. Hoberg; Stephen D. Hornady; Bill Huntsman; Evelyn W. Huntsman; Harry Humbert; Levi Jenkins; Carl R. Johnson; Fred H. Johnson; Vera-Beth Johnson; John E. Kelly; Kanara Ranch Co.; Noel Keogh; Art Kirby; John E. Kubesh; Peter J. Kuhr; Joseph T. Kurowski; William R. McKay; Gary Dean Malone; Walt Manuel; Judie Manuel; Dennis McDonald; Donald C. McElligott; Douglas S. McRae; William D. McRae; Jerry Mobley; Malcolm Moore; Ed C. Mott; Munrion Livestock, Inc.; David Nelson; Donald Nelson; Jamie D. Oberling; Jim Patrick; Margaretta Patrick; Ellen L. Pfister; Ronald E. Popekla; Robert G. Powell; Prairie Elk Trust; Elmer Quanbeck; Lyle Quick; Lincoln Reinhiller; Linda Rauser; Elwood Rave; William H. Rettig; Wayne Rolf; Melissa, Rolf; Rossetter Limited Partnership; Russell Salisbury; Michael L. Schultz; Jack Seymour; David Shipman; Helen J. Shipman; Jerry Skinner; Lester Sluggett; Carol Sluggett; Michael Smith; Elaine Smith; Paul B. Smith; Jean K. Spannagel; James Stampfel; Gilles Stockton; Clair K. Streeter; Neil Strozzi; Glen M. Sylvester; Matt Thielen; Jay Tope; Marjories Townsend; Robert L. Trainer; Hugo Tureck; Judy Tureck; Joseph Verlanic; Harold E. Waller; Johnna Lee Williams; Brett Winderl; Monika Winderl; Charler Yarger; Alternative Energy Resources Organization; Intertribal Argriculture, Council; Dakota Resource Council; North Dakota Farmers for Profitable Agriculture; Northern Plains Resource Council; Powder River Basin Resource Council; Astro Sales International, Inc.; Austral Foods, Inc.; The Tupman Thurlow Co., Inc., Plaintiff-Intervenors-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Vacated May 27, 2004.

Resubmitted and Filed June 16, 2005.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Kelly J. Varnes, Hendrickson, Everson, Noennig & Woodward, P.C., Billings, Montana; Erik S. Jaffe, Erik S. Jaffe, P.C., Washington, D.C.; and Renee L. Giachino and Reid Alan Cox, Center for Individual Freedom, Alexandria, Virginia, for the plaintiffs-appellants.

Robert D. McCallum, Jr., Assistant Attorney General; William M. Mercer, United States Attorney; and Douglas N. Letter and Matthew M. Collette, Attorneys, Appellate Staff Civil Division, Washington, D.C., for the defendant-appellee.

Richard T. Rossier and Alex Menendez, McLeod, Watkinson & Miller, Washington, D.C., for the defendant-intervenors-appellees.

Patricia D. Peterman and James A. Patten, Patten, Peterman, Bekkendahl & Green, PLLC, Billings, Montana, for the plaintiff-intervenors-appellants.

Before: CANBY, WARDLAW, and GOULD, Circuit Judges.

ORDER

This is a challenge to the constitutionality of the Beef Promotion and Research Act of 1985 ("the Act"), 7 U.S.C. §§ 2901-11, and the Beef Promotion and Research Order promulgated thereunder, 7 C.F.R. §§ 1260.101-1260.640. The district court entered judgment in favor of the United States Department of Agriculture, holding that the speech at issue is government speech and thus the Act does not violate either the appellants' free speech or...

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