JUSTICE THOMAS delivered the opinion of the Court except as to Part II-A, concluding that Oklahoma's semiclosed primary system does not violate the right to freedom of association. Any burden it imposes is minor and justified by legitimate state interests. Pp. 586-587, 591-598.
(a) The First Amendment protects citizens' right "to band together in promoting among the electorate candidates who espouse their political views." California Democratic Party v.
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