KAHAWAIOLAA v. NORTON

No. 02-17239.

386 F.3d 1271 (2004)

Patrick L. KAHAWAIOLAA; Virgil C. Day; Samuel L. Kealoha, Jr.; Josiah L. Hoohuli; Ka Lahui Hawai'i, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Gale A. NORTON, in her capacity as Secretary of the Department of the Interior of the United States of America, Defendant-Appellee.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Submitted October 27, 2004.

Filed October 27, 2004.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Walter R. Schoettle and Emmett E. Lee Loy, Honolulu, HI, for the appellants.

Elizabeth A. Peterson, Ellen J. Durkee, Environment & Natural Resources Division, Jeffery Bossert Clark, Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Thomas L. Sansonetti, Assistant Attorney General, Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.; R. Michael Burke, Assistant United States Attorney and Edward H. Kubo, Jr., United States Attorney, Honolulu, HI, for the appellee.

Before: BROWNING, REINHARDT, and THOMAS, Circuit Judges.


THOMAS, Circuit Judge:

In this appeal, we consider whether the exclusion of native Hawaiians from the Department of Interior's regulations acknowledging the federally recognized status of Indian tribes comprises discrimination in violation of the Equal Protection component to the Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause. We have jurisdiction to determine whether the regulations are unconstitutional, and we conclude that they do not violate the Fifth Amendment under rational...

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