GRABER, Circuit Judge:
Does a customs agent's statement of probable cause to detain an arrested person pending further proceedings, made under penalty of perjury and sent to a magistrate judge by facsimile (fax), satisfy the Fourth Amendment's requirement of an "Oath or affirmation"? We answer that question "yes" and, accordingly, affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On a Friday morning, border officials stopped Defendant Gerardo Bueno-Vargas...
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