BONNICHSEN v. U.S.

Nos. 02-35994, 02-35996.

357 F.3d 962 (2004)

Robson BONNICHSEN; C. Loring Brace; George W. Gill; C. Vance Haynes, Jr.; Richard L. Jantz; Douglas W. Owsley; Dennis J. Stanford; D. Gentry Steele, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. UNITED STATES of America; United States Army; United States Army Corps of Engineers; David A. Fastabend; Francis P. McManamon; Edward J. Kertis; Thomas E. White; Gale A. Norton; Craig Manson; Robert B. Flowers; National Park Service; United States Department of the Interior, Defendants-Appellants, Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho; Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation; Confederated Tribes & Bands of the Yakama Nation; Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, Defendants-Intervenors. Robson Bonnichsen; C. Loring Brace; George W. Gill; C. Vance Haynes, Jr.; Richard L. Jantz; Douglas W. Owsley; Dennis J. Stanford; D. Gentry Steele, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. United States of America; United States Army; United States Army Corps of Engineers; David A. Fastabend; Francis P. Mcmanamon; Edward J. Kertis; Thomas E. White; Gale A. Norton; Craig Manson; Robert B. Flowers; National Park Service; United States Department of the Interior, Defendants, Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho; Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation; Confederated Tribes & Bands of the Yakama Nation; Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, Defendants-Intervenors-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed February 4, 2004.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Ellen J. Durkee, Environment & Natural Resources Division, Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., for the defendants-appellants.

Thomas P. Schlosser and Rob Roy Smith, Morisset, Schlosser, Jozwiak & McGaw, Seattle, Washington, Melissa Campobasso, Nespelem, Washington, for intervenor-appellant Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation.

Naomi Stacy, Pendleton, Oregon, for intervenor-appellant Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.

David J. Cummings, Lapwai, Idaho, for intervenor-appellant Nez Perce Tribe.

Thomas Zeilman and Tim Weaver, Toppenish, Washington, for intervenor-appellant Yakama Nation.

Joseph P. Siofele, Pro Se, Moreno Valley, California, appellant.

Alan L. Schneider, Portland, Oregon; Paula A. Barran, Barran Liebman, LLP, Portland, Oregon, for the plaintiffs-appellees.

Bradley K. Baker, Porter, Wright, Morris & Arthur, LLP, Columbus, Ohio, for the amicus Ohio Archaeological Council.

S. Shawn Stephens, Locke Liddell & Sapp, LLP, Houston, Texas; Joe H. Thrash, Assistant Attorney General, Austin, Texas, for the amicus Texas Historical Commission.

Walter Echo-Hawk, Native American Rights Fund, Boulder, Colorado; Jack F. Trope, Association of American Indian Affairs, Rockville, Maryland, for the amici Association of American Indian Affairs and Morning Star Institute.

Michael J. Fanelli, Covington & Burling, Washington, D.C., for the amicus Society for American Archaeology.

Sherry Hutt, Pro Se, Paradise Valley, Arizona, amicus.

Ellis J. Neiburger, Waukegan, Illinois, for the amicus Ethnic Minority Council of America.

Christopher A. Amato, Albany, New York; Joseph J. Heath, Syracuse, New York, for the amicus Haudenosaunee Standing Committee on Burial Rules and Regulations.

Dr. Andrei Simic, Pro Se, Los Angeles, California; Dr. Harry Glynn Custred, Jr., Pro Se, Hayward, California, amici.

Timothy Sandefur, Sacramento, California, for the amicus Pacific Legal Foundation.

Dr. Ives Goddard, Pro Se, Washington, D.C.; Dr. William Shipley, Pro Se, Santa Cruz, California, amici.

Before ALDISERT, GRABER, and GOULD, Circuit Judges.


GOULD, Circuit Judge:

This is a case about the ancient human remains of a man who hunted and lived, or at least journeyed, in the Columbia Plateau an estimated 8340 to 9200 years ago, a time predating all recorded history from any place in the world, a time before the oldest cities of our world had been founded, a time so ancient that the pristine and untouched land and the primitive cultures that may have lived on it are not deeply understood by even the most well...

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