N.W. ENTERPRISES INC. v. CITY OF HOUSTON

Nos. 98-20255, 98-20885.

352 F.3d 162 (2003)

N.W. ENTERPRISES INCORPORATED; Amethyst Enterprises Inc.; Campus Investments Incorporated; 1431 West 18th, Inc., Plaintiffs-Appellees, FTU Inc.; DAJO Inc.; Ice Embassy Inc.; Texas Richmond Corporation; Andrea Stafford; Frank I. Kent; Naomi L. Parrish; Ann Marie Hasselbach; Jeanne L. Grigsby; Susan Boyle; Dana Lynn Thomas; Kimberly Ann Dushman; Michelle Hadley; Colleen Cloer; Leah Marie Wilson; Carla K. Eaton; Cheryl Thompson; Robert G. Furey; HFR Enterprises, Inc.; Andrea Hill; Gina Oliver; Heather Weldin; Charisma Barry; Donna Soto; Andrea Allbright Marco; AHD Houston Inc., a Texas Corporation d/b/a Centerfolds; DNW Houston, Inc.; Parabar Co., doing business as Paradise Club; Jane Doe One, Applicants; Jane Doe Two, Applicants; Dee & Dee Enterprises, Inc.; 9924 I-45 North, Inc.; Hi-Houston, Inc.; Charles Wesley, Inc.; Chil Soung, Inc., doing business as BJ's 24 Hour Newsstand; Daris, Inc., doing business as Riveria Cabaret; GNCD, Inc., doing business as Fantasy South; Rude Dog II, Inc., doing business as Scores Cabaret; Lone Starr Multi Theatres, Inc., doing business as Cinema West; AVW, Inc., doing business as Adult Video Megaplexxx; CLMS, Inc., doing business as 24 Hour Video & News; C-Snap, Inc., doing business as Interludes; East Bay, Inc., doing business as East Tex 24 Hour News & Video, doing business as Hempstead Adult Bookstore, none, doing business as XTC Cabaret Center; TNT Services, Inc., doing business as Xcalibur; 9834 Jensen, Inc., doing business as Harlem Knights; 8503 North Freeway, Inc., doing business as Fantasy Cabaret; Corporate Clubs of Texas, Inc., doing business as Fantasia I XTC; US Clubs, Inc., doing business as Fantasia III XTC; XTC Cabaret, Inc., doing business as XTC; DHL Inc., doing business as Executive XTC; Cherie Feldman, doing business as Executive Playmates; Eve Enterprises, Inc., doing business as Club Royale; Long Tran, doing business as Ellington Newsstand; Nien X. Nguyen, doing business as DT Video; WMF Investments, Inc., doing business as Chesapeake Bay; AKM, Inc., doing business as Gigi's Cabaret; DHR, Inc., doing business as Hi-10 Cabaret; Panah, Inc., doing business as Mirage Cabaret; R&R Entertainment, Inc., doing business as Moments Cabaret; SSD Enterprises, Inc., doing business as Ritz Cabaret; HHE, Inc., doing business as Passion Cabaret; F&R Club, Inc., doing business as Silk Bar & Grill Cabaret; Atcomm Services, Inc., doing business as Broadsteets; Houman Shaghagi, doing business as Foxxy's Cabaret; Southeast Texas Ventures, A Texas Joint Venture, doing business as The Trophy Club; KMRC, Inc., doing business as LaChatte; Aris Mylonas, doing business as Baby Dolls Saloon; MK Club & Restaurants, Inc., doing business as Moulin Rouge; 10128 TDC 1, Inc., doing business as Texas Dolls Cabaret; Southwest Clubco, Inc., doing business as Playmates; Duncan Burch, Inc., doing business as Michael's International; Obsession Cabaret, Inc., doing business as Obession Cabaret; Norman R. Glenn, doing business as West Mt. Houston Newsstand, doing business as Far West News, doing business as Highway 6 Newsstand; James Drew, doing business as Gold Touch Stress Clinic and Velvet Touch Stress Clinic; Pete Caserly, doing business as Northwest News; A to X Video, doing business as Pacific Management Enterprises; Hughes & St. Clair, Inc., doing business as Pacific Management Enterprises; Quasar International, Inc., doing business as Pacific Management Enterprises; Video News, Inc., doing business as Pacific Management Enterprises; Chuck Wesley, doing business as Pacific Management Enterprises; Chuck Wesley, Inc., doing business as Northwest News; Jacob Borenstein, doing business as Northwest News; 12851-59 Westheimer, Inc.; 608 West Mt. Houston, Inc.; Gino A. Barone, doing business as Ban Management Co., also known as Consolidated Video, doing business as Hillcroft News & Video, doing business as Telephone Road News & Video; Heaven Video & News; Airline Video and Thai Company; City Wide Group, Inc., doing business as Studz News; ANS, Inc., dba Lone Star News, doing business as Lone Star News, Northstar, Inc., dba North Freeway News; Northeast, Inc., dba Gulf Freeway News, doing business as Gulf Freeway News; Eastex 24-Hour Newsstand; G.W. Rogers; R. Glass; G. Humphrey; D.L. Stoneham; L.J. Putterman; M. Roberts; V.L. Auzston; J.J. Langen; H. Perez; A. Lucke; Y. Hinojosa; A.N. McMillen; B. Webb; R. Sternes; S. Mongonia; K. Martin; N. Roberts; V. Gobea; D. Quick; K. Warren; R. Sanchez; S. Jurek; N. Espinoza; C. Emery; K. Martin; C. Combs; J. Dampier; W. Kalinowski; J. Crenshaw; L.M. Bates; H. Mactavish; T. Dove; E. Castillo; K.K. Hannan; C.J. Sharpe; A.A. Cook; N. Bailey; T.R. King; L.B. Meagher; N. Henry; A. Bailey; D. Dodson; J. Suarez; A.N. McMillan; K. Rosenberry; C. Garcia; M. Fisher; D.M. Muenzler; T.J. Oakley; D. Carswell; A. Kelly; T. Western; K.A. Radar; L. Phillips; T. Jones; A. Gibson; G. Pierce; N. Neuenfeldt; T. Allen; S.L. Whittenburg; P.A. Buffin; C. Vaughn; T.L. Aldape; S.Y. Noreno; L. Tauarez; T. Dardas; N. Barry; T. Standride; J.D. Burden; S.S. Salazar; H.L. Lococo; S. Brady; S. Nnoli; E.I. Street; D. Jorgenson; D.G. Lewis; P.Z. German; J.M. Rogers, Jr.; B. Templemire; R. Duncan; J. Easterwood; J.C. Acres; W. Templemire, Jr.; Trumps, Inc., doing business as Rick's Cabaret, A Texas Corporation; Andrew Sefia, doing business as Rumors, and others similarly situated; D. Houston, Inc., doing business as Treasures, a Texas Corporation; S.E. Management, Inc., doing business as Northshore Video and News, Jeana Wiley, Operator of Southeastern Management; Norman S. Harrison, Intervenor Plaintiffs-Appellees-Cross-Appellants, Elgin Investment Company, Ltd., doing business as French Quarter Theater; KQ Investments, doing business as Amenity Caberet; Mark Thai Do; doing business as Dong Kyong Modeling Studio; DSSS Aria Merica, Inc., doing business as Solid Platinum, a Texas Corporation; Marketing Organization of America, Inc., doing business as Exclusive Tanning, a Texas Corporation; Budget Distributors, Inc., doing business as Franc's of Beverly Hills, a Texas Corporation; Michael D's Restaurant, Inc., doing business as Houston Salon & Fitness Center, doing business as Texas Health Salon, a Texas Corporation; Le Crazyhorse Cabaret Astrodome, Inc., doing business as Malibu Resorts, doing business as Sensational Impressions, a Texas Corporation; EPZ Trading Company, doing business as Texas Health Salon, a Texas Corporation; Deux Soeur Enterprises, Inc., doing business as Native Tan, a Texas Corporation; Limerick, Inc., doing business as Video Specials, a Texas Corporation; Your A to X Video Outlet, Inc., a Texas Corporation, Intervenor Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. CITY OF HOUSTON, Defendant-Appellant-Cross-Appellee. N.W. Enterprises Incorporated; Amethyst Enterprises, Inc.; Campus Investments Incorporated; 1431 West 18th, Inc.; Plaintiffs-Appellees-Cross-Appellants, FTU Inc.; DAJO, Inc.; Ice Embassy, Inc.; Texas Richmond Corporation; Andrea Stafford; Frank I. Kent; AHD Houston, Inc., a Texas Corporation d/b/a Centerfolds; DNW Houston, Inc.; Parabar Co., doing business as Paradise Club; Jane Doe One, Applicants; Jane Doe Two, Applicants; Dee & Dee Enterprises, Inc.; 9924 I-45 North, Inc.; Hi-Houston, Inc.; Charles Wesley, Inc.; D Houston, Inc., doing business as Treasures, a Texas Corporation; HFR Enterprises, Inc.; Andrea Allbright Marco; Naomi L. Parrish; Ann Marie Hasselbach; Jeanne L. Grigsby; Susan Boyle; Dana Lynn Thomas; Kimberly Ann Dushman; Michelle Hadley; Colleen Cloer; Leah Marie Wilson; Carla K. Eaton; Andrea Hill; Gina Oliver; Heather Weldin; Charisma Barry; Donna Soto; Cheryl Thompson; Robert Furey, Intervenor Plaintiffs-Appellees-Cross-Appellants, and Chil Soung, Inc., doing business as BJ's 24 Hour Newsstand; et al. (referred to as Chil Soung Appellants), Intervenor Plaintiffs-Appellees-Cross-Appellants, KQ Investments, doing business as Amenity Cabaret; Mark Thai Do, doing business as Dong Kyong Modeling Studio; Norman S. Harrison; DSSS Aria Merica, Inc., doing business as Solid Platinum, a Texas Corporation; Marketing Organization of America, Inc., doing business as Exclusive Tanning, a Texas Corporation; Budget Distributors, Inc., doing business as Franc's of Beverly Hills, a Texas Corporation; Michael D's Restaurant, Inc., doing business as Houston Salon & Fitness Center, doing business as Texas Health Salon, a Texas Corporation; Le Crazyhorse Cabaret Astrodome, Inc., doing business as Malibu Resorts, doing business as Sensational Impressions, a Texas Corporation; EPZ Trading Company, doing business as Texas Health Salon, a Texas Corporation; Deux Soeur Enterprises, Inc., doing business as Native Tan, a Texas Corporation; Limerick, Inc., doing business as Video Specials, a Texas Corporation; Your A to X Video Outlet, Inc., a Texas Corporation; Elgin Investment Company, Ltd., doing business as French Quarter Theater, Intervenor Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. City of Houston, Defendant-Appellant-Cross-Appellee.

United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.

Filed November 25, 2003.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Gerald E. Hopkins (argued), Langtry, TX, for Plaintiffs-Appellees, Vista Video Corp. and Skyock.

David Allen Furlow, Thompson & Knight, Houston, TX, for FTU, Inc., DAJO, Inc., Ice Embassy, Inc., Texas Richmond Corp., Stafford and Kent.

Joe William Meyer, Meyer, Knight & Williams, Houston, TX, John Haldane Weston, G. Randall Garrou (argued), Weston, Garrou & DeWitt, Los Angeles, CA, for FTU, Inc., DAJO, Inc., Ice Embassy, Inc., Texas Richmond Corp., Stafford, Kent, Parrish, Hasselbach, Grigsby, Boyle, Thomas, Dushman, Hadley, Cloer, Wilson, Eaton, Thompson, Furey, HFR Enterprises, Inc., Hill, Oliver, Weldin, Barry, Soto and Marco.

John E. Hill, Houston, TX, for Elgin Inv. Co. Ltd.

Mike J. DeGeurin, Foreman, DeGuerin, Nugent & Gerger, Lauren Beck Harris, Johnson, Spalding, Doyle, West & Trent, Donald B. McFall, McFall, Sherwood & Breitbeil, Joseph Matthew Grant, The Grant Law Firm, Houston, TX, for AHD Houston, Inc., DNW Houston, Inc., Parabar Co., Jane Doe Two and Houston, Inc.

Becki M. Fahle, John J. Fahle, III, Carter & Fahle, San Antonio, TX, for Dee & Dee Enterprises, Inc., 9924 I-45 North Inc., Hi-Houston, Inc. and Charles Wesley, Inc.

Philip W. Boyko, Houston, TX, for Do and Harrison.

L. Paul Decuir, Jr., Channelview, TX, for DSSS Aria Merica Inc.

Beatrice A. Mladenka-Fowler (argued), Mladenka-Fowler & Associates, Gilbert D. Douglas (argued), Donna L. Edmundson, The City of Houston Legal Dept., Houston, TX, Michael Acuna, Dallas, TX, for City of Houston.

Nelson T. Helsley, Houston, TX, for Intervenors Plaintiffs-Appellees-Cross-Appellants and XTC Cabaret, Inc.

Before GARWOOD, JONES and STEWART, Circuit Judges.


EDITH H. JONES, Circuit Judge:

These appeals and cross-appeals by the City of Houston and regulated entities arise out of an action brought by 105 individuals and 88 adult entertainment establishments challenging the City of Houston's 1997 amendments to its ordinances governing sexually oriented businesses (SOBs). We overrule the district court's determination that certain provisions of the amendments should be treated as content-based and thus subject to strict scrutiny...

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