UNION PACIFIC R. CO. v. CALIFORNIA PUBLIC UTILITIES

Nos. 01-15141, 01-15531.

346 F.3d 851 (2003)

UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY, Southern Pacific Transportation Company, Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Company, Plaintiffs-Appellants, and Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, United Transportation Union, Intervenors, v. CALIFORNIA PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION, P. Gregory Conlon, Jessie J. Knight, Henry M. Duque, Josiah L. Neeper, Richard A. Bilas, Commissioners of the California Public Utilities Commission, in their individual capacities, Defendants-Appellees. Union Pacific Railroad Company, Southern Pacific Transportation Company, Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Company, Plaintiffs-Appellees, and Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers; United Transportation Union, Intervenors, v. California Public Utilities Commission, Defendant-Appellant, and P. Gregory Conlon, Jessie J. Knight, Henry M. Duque, Josiah L. Neeper, Richard A. Bilas, Commissioners of the California Public Utilities Commission, in their individual capacities, Defendants.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed June 17, 2003.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Maureen E. Mahoney, Latham & Watkins, Washington, D.C., argued the cause for the plaintiffs-appellants-cross-appellees and filed briefs; William S. Carnell, Latham & Watkins, Washington, D.C., Carol A. Harris, Union Pacific Railroad Company, San Francisco, California, and Richard E. Weicher and Ward D. Werner, The Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Company, Fort Worth, Texas, were on the briefs.

Patrick S. Berdge, Public Utilities Commission of the State of California, San Francisco, California, argued the cause for the defendants-appellees-cross-appellants and filed briefs; Gary M. Cohen and Ellen S. Levine, Public Utilities Commission of the State of California, San Francisco, California, were on the briefs.

Lawrence M. Mann, Alper & Mann, Washington, D.C., argued the cause for the intervenors United Transportation Union and Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, and filed a brief.

Irene M. Solet, Attorney, Appellate Staff Civil Division, Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., argued the cause for the amicus curiae, United States, and filed briefs; Kirk K. Van Tine, General Counsel, Rosalind A. Knapp, Acting General Counsel, Paul Geier, Assistant Attorney General Counsel, and Paul Smith, Senior Trial Attorney, Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., S. Mark Lindsey, Chief Counsel, Daniel C. Smith, Assistant Chief Counsel, and Colleen Brennan, Trial Attorney, Federal Railroad Administration, Washington, D.C., and Robert D. McCallum, Jr., Assistant Attorney General, Stuart E. Schiffer, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Robert S. Mueller, III, United States Attorney, David W. Shapiro, United States Attorney, and Douglas Letter, Attorney, Appellate Staff Civil Division, Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., were on the briefs.

Before: William C. Canby, Jr., Diarmuid F. O'Scannlain, and William A. Fletcher, Circuit Judges.


Argued and Submitted February 13, 2003 — San Francisco, California.

OPINION

O'SCANNLAIN, Circuit Judge.

We must decide whether California's regulations governing railroad track standards and internal railroad rules, which were adopted in response to train derailments within the state, are preempted by federal railroad safety laws or regulations.

I

On July 14, 1991, a train operated by the Southern Pacific Transportation Company...

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