U.S. v. AYALA

Nos. 01-2148, 01-2150 to 01-2152.

289 F.3d 16 (2002)

UNITED STATES, Appellee, v. Rafael Ayala AYALA, Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., Dennis Hickey Rivera, and Armando Torres Ortíz, Defendants, Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit.

Decided April 29, 2002.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Harry Anduze Montaño for appellants Kennedy and Rivera.

Linda Backiel for appellants Ayala and Ortíz.

Stella Song, Assistant United States Attorney, with whom Guillermo Gil, United States Attorney, Jorge E. Vega-Pacheco, Assistant United States Attorney, and Frank J. Bustamonte, Special Assistant United States Attorney, were on brief, for appellee.

Before TORRUELLA, SELYA, and LIPEZ, Circuit Judges.


LIPEZ, Circuit Judge.

Rafael Ayala Ayala, Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., Dennis Hickey Rivera, and Armando Torres Ortíz were convicted of entering onto the Camp García Naval Installation on the island of Vieques, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1382. Unpersuaded by their arguments on appeal, we affirm their convictions.

I. Background

On April 28, 2001, appellants participated in a campaign of civil disobedience aimed at disrupting live-fire artillery...

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