U.S. v. RIVERA-ROSARIO

Nos. 00-1545, 00-1577, 00-1546, 00-1700, 00-1575.

300 F.3d 1 (2002)

UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Luis RIVERA-ROSARIO, a/k/a Negri, Carlos Collazo-Arroyo, a/k/a Carli, Federico Naranjo-Rosa, a/k/a Papo, JesÚs Toro-Santiago, a/k/a Chu, Orlando HernÁndez, Defendants, Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit.

Decided August 7, 2002.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Joseph Waldbaum, for appellant Rivera-Rosario. Raymond Rivera-Esteves, for appellant Collazo-Arroyo. Linda Backiel, for appellant Naranjo-Rosa. Randy Olen, with whom Bevilacqua and Cicilline, was on brief for appellant Toro-Santiago. Jane Elizabeth Lee, for appellant Hernández.

Mark Irish, Assistant United States Attorney, with whom Guillermo Gil, United States Attorney, Jorge E. Vega-Pacheco, Assistant United States Attorney, Chief, Criminal Division, and Thomas F. Klumper, Assistant United States Attorney, were on brief for appellee.

Before TORRUELLA, Circuit Judge, COFFIN, Senior Circuit Judge, and LIPEZ, Circuit Judge.


TORRUELLA, Circuit Judge.

The facts of this appeal are so unique that they could originate only in the District of Puerto Rico, the sole district within the American federal judiciary where every judge and almost every juror is fluent in English and Spanish.

Defendants-appellants were convicted of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute marijuana, cocaine, and heroin. On appeal, defendants collectively and separately raise a host of challenges to their...

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