CLARK v. PUTNAM COUNTY

No. 01-10859.

293 F.3d 1261 (2002)

Michael CLARK, John Harper, Alan Foster, William Darley, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. PUTNAM COUNTY, Bill Moore, in his official capacity as Chairman of the Putnam County Board of Commissioners, Sandra Adams Prebost, in her official capacity as a member of the Putnam County Board of Commissioners, Jimmy Davis, in his official capacity as a member of the Putnam County Board of Commissioners, Robert Poole, in his official capacity as a member of the Putnam County Board of Commissioners, et al., Defendants-Appellees, The Georgia State Conference of NAACP Branches, Intervenor-Defendant-Appellee.

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

June 10, 2002.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

A. Lee Parks, Jr., Parks, Chesin & Miller, P.C., Atlanta, GA, for Plaintiffs-Appellants.

Maha S. Zaki, Southern Poverty Law Center, Montgomery, AL, for Defendants-Appellees.

Thomas F. Richardson, Chambless, Higdon & Carson, Macon, GA, Dorothy J. Adams, Francis N. Ford, Adams & Ford, LLP, Eatonton, GA, Neil Bradley, ACLU, Atlanta, GA, for Intervenor-Defendant-Appellee.

Before EDMONDSON, Chief Judge, and HILL and LAY, Circuit Judges.


HILL, Circuit Judge:

This action challenges the constitutionality of two electoral districts in Putnam County, Georgia. Appellants claim that these two districts were racially gerrymandered in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution. After a bench trial, the district court granted judgment to Putnam County. This appeal followed.

I.

In 1981, the United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia invalidated...

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