OPINION OF THE COURT
Chief Judge KAYE.
On August 16, 1988, Sergeant William Martin, an 18-year veteran of the New York City Police Department, and his partner Officer Joseph Galapo participated in a "buy and bust" operation. After observing a possible drug transaction, the officers approached a group of suspects. Sergeant Martin followed one of the suspects, Joseph Barker, and recovered a glassine envelope believed to contain heroin. While securing Barker...
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