U.S. v. GREGG

Nos. 99-5079, 99-5124 and 99-5205.

226 F.3d 253 (2000)

UNITED STATES of America, Appellant in No. 99-5079, v. Joseph R. GREGG; Ruby C. McDaniel; Luis Menchaca; Francis S. Pagnanelli; William Charles Raiser; Michael Henry; Rose Kidd; Arnold Matheson; Katharine O'Keefe; Eva Alvarado; Joseph F. O'Hara; Joseph Roach; Robert Rudnick; James Soderna; James Sweatt; Elizabeth Wagi; Byron Adams; Kevin Blake; Amy Boissonneault; Baldo Dino; Stephen C. Elliot; Sheryl Fitzpatrick; Mary Foley; Dennis Green; George Lynch; Raymond Micco; Alexis Mulrenan; Ralph Traphagen; James Trott; Kimiko Trott. United States of America, v. Joseph R. Gregg; Ruby McDaniel; Luis Menchaca; Francis S. Pagnanelli; William Raiser; Michael A. Henry; Rose Kidd; Arnold Matheson; Katharine O'Keefe; Eva Alvarado; Joseph O'Hara; Joseph H. Roach; Robert Rudnick; James Soderna; James Sweatt; Elizabeth Wagi; Byron Adams; Kevin Blake; Amy Boissonneault; Baldo Dino; Stephen Elliot; Sheryl Fitzpatrick; Mary Foley; Dennis Green; George Lynch; Raymond Micco; Alexis Mulrenan; Ralph Traphagen; James Trott; Kimiko Trott Rose Kidd; James Sweatt; Elizabeth Wagi; Raymond Micco; William Raiser; James Soderna; Kevin Blake; Baldo Dino; Appellants in No. 99-5124. United States of America, v. Joseph R. Gregg; Ruby McDaniel; Luis Menchaca; Francis Pagnanelli; William Raiser; Michael A. Henry; Rose Kidd; Arnold Matheson; Katharine O'Keefe; Eva Alvarado; Joseph O'Hara; Joseph H. Roach; Robert Rudnick; James Soderna; James Sweatt; Elizabeth Wagi; Byron Adams; Kevin Blake; Amy Boissonneault; Baldo Dino; Stephen Elliot; Sheryl Fitzpatrick; Mary Foley; Dennis Green; George Lynch; Raymond Micco; Alexis Mulrenan; Ralph Traphagen; James Trott; Kimiko Trott Francis S. Pagnanelli, Appellant in No. 99-5205.

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

Filed September 7, 2000.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Faith S. Hochberg, United States Attorney, Colette R. Buchanan, Assistant United States Attorney, Newark, NJ, Bill Lann Lee, Acting Assistant Attorney General, David K. Flynn, Jennifer Levin, (Argued), Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Washington, DC, Counsel for Appellants/Cross-Appellees.

Edward J. Gilhooly, (Argued), Morristown, NJ, Counsel for Appellee/Cross-Appellant Francis S. Pagnanelli.

Michael C. Pelletier, Chester, NJ, Counsel for Appellee Eva Alvarado.

Russell J. Passamano, Morristown, NJ, Counsel for Appellees/Cross-Appellants William Raiser, Rose Kidd, James Soderna, James Sweatt, Elizabeth Wagi, Baldo Dino, Raymond Micco.

Donald Desmond Campbell, Berkeley Heights, NJ, Counsel for Appellee Joseph O'Hara.

Ralph Coti, Herriot, Coti & Sugrue, New York, NY, Counsel for Appellee Joseph H. Roach.

William C. Cagney, Lane & Mittendorf, Iselin, NJ, Counsel for Appellee Byron Adams.

Michael O. Cummings, Morgan, Finnegan, Pine, Foley & Lee, New York, NY, Counsel for Appellee Kevin Blake.

Peter M. Burke, Cooper, Rose, & English, Summit, NJ, Counsel for Appellee George Lynch.

Before: BECKER, Chief Judge, WEIS and OAKES, Circuit Judges.


OPINION OF THE COURT

OAKES, Circuit Judge.

In this case, the United States appeals the decision of the District Court for the District of New Jersey (John C. Lifland, Judge) that the defendants are jointly and severally liable, rather than individually liable, for statutory damages of $5,000 "per violation" of the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act ("FACE" or "the Act"), 18 U.S.C. § 248 (2000). Several...

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