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U.S. v. FERNANDEZ

No. 99-50738.

231 F.3d 1240 (2000)

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Frank FERNANDEZ, aka Seal A; aka Sapo; Juan Perez Garcia, aka Seal B; Mariano D. Martinez, aka Seal C; aka Chuy; Jimmy Sanchez; aka Seal D; aka Smokey; Marcel Arevalo, aka Seal F; aka Psycho; Daniel Bravo, aka Seal G; aka Sporty; Robert Cervantes, aka Seal H; aka Gypsy; Roy Gavaldon, aka Seal I; aka Spider; David Gonzales-Contreras, aka Seal J; aka David Contreras-Gonzalez; Robert Mercado, Jr., aka Seal K; aka Gato; Ernesto Murillo, aka Seal L; aka Solo; Roland Ramirez, aka Seal N; aka Capone; aka Rolland Ramirez; Jesus Rochin, aka Seal O; aka Gizmo; Fernando Alvidrez; aka Cuate; Javier Alvidrez Duarte; Mario Castillo; Dominick Shewmaker Gonzales, aka Solo; aka Dominick Gonzales; Gerardo Jacobo, aka Blanco; Adrian Nieto; Sally Peters; Suzanne Schoenberg, Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Filed November 7, 2000.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Ronald L. Cheng, (Argued and On the Briefs), Assistant United States Attorney, Los Angeles, California, for the plaintiff-appellant.

Dale Michael Rubin (Argued and On the Briefs), San Marino, California, for defendants-appellees Gerardo Jacobo, Marcel Arevalo, Javier Alvidrez Duarte, Daniel Bravo, Mario Castillo, and Robert Mercado.

Larry M. Bakman, (On the Briefs), Los Angeles, California, for defendant-appellee Gerardo Jacobo.

Michael Belter, (On the Briefs), Riverside, California, for defendant-appellee Marcel Arevalo.

Morton Philip Borenstein, (On the Briefs), Encino, California, for defendant-appellee Javier Alvidrez Duarte.

John Cotsirilos, (On the Briefs), San Diego, California, for defendant-appellee Daniel Bravo.

Michael M. Crain, (On the Briefs), Santa Monica, California, for defendant-appellee Mario Castillo.

Jack M. Earley, (On the Briefs), Costa Mesa, California, for defendant-appellee Robert Mercado.

Before: John T. NOONAN, Stephen S. TROTT, and Marsha S. BERZON, Circuit Judges.

TROTT, Circuit Judge:

The question before us is whether the district court properly sanctioned the United States for violating a discovery order by precluding the government from seeking the death penalty against Fernando Alvidrez, Marcel Arevalo, Daniel Bravo, Javier Alvidrez Duarte, Gerardo Jacobo, and Robert Mercado (collectively "Defendants"). The district court's decision to impose this sanction was based on the government's refusal to turn over its confidential...

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