JOHNSON v. COLLINS ENTERTAINMENT CO., INC.

Nos. 98-2225, 99-1601, 99-1709.

199 F.3d 710 (1999)

Joan Caldwell JOHNSON; Lorraine Witherspoon Baker; Danny Kay Smith; Sara Edell Boan; Deanna Kay Frans; Darryl Bernard Epps; Andrew Nobles; Joseph Chester Walker; William Joseph Harnett, Jr.; Bruce Anderson; William Bell; Faye Blaylock; Mike Brewer; Mike Brown; Ronald Callahan; Sandra Coulter; Lisa Crum; Andreas Drutis; Crystal Gayle Edwards; Buster Elfin Floyd; George Henley; Loretta Jones; Margaret Locklear; Tammy Locklear; Linda McCleod; William McCormick; Hugh Meise; Patty Miller; Gary Padgett; Mary Pinchback; Vardry Pittman; Albert J. Samra; Mason Skeenes; Jim Stolz; Amber Strickland; Charles Stubbs; Lonya Thigpen; James Thompson; Jessie Williams; Valerie Williams, and on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated; State of South Carolina; ex rel., Charles M. Condon, in his official capacity as Attorney General, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. COLLINS ENTERTAINMENT COMPANY, INCORPORATED; American Amusement Company, Incorporated; American Amusement of Aiken, Incorporated; Joytime Distributors & Amusement, Incorporated; Red Dot Amusements; CBA Games, Incorporated; Best Amusement Company; Greenwood Music Company, Incorporated; Ace Amusement, LLC; B & J Amusement; Broyles & Lutz, Incorporated; Carousel Amusements; Coley, Incorporated; Drew Industries; Fast Freddies; Great Games, Incorporated; H & J of South Carolina, Incorporated; Holliday Amusement Company of Charleston, Incorporated; Hoyts Music Company, Incorporated; Huckleberry Amusement, Incorporated; Ingram Investments; J.M. Brown Amusement Company, Incorporated; Larry Wolfe Amusement; MHJ Corporation; MHS Enterprises, Incorporated; Martin Coin Machine, Incorporated; McDonald Amusement Company; Midlands Gaming Corporation; Orangeburg Amusement, Incorporated; Pedroland, Incorporated; R.L. Jordan Oil Company of North Carolina; Rosemary Coin Machines of Florence, Incorporated; Scott's Vending Incorporated of Columbia; Sumter Petroleum Company; Tim's Amusement, Incorporated; Videomatic Amusements, Incorporated; H. Hugh Andrews, II; Pamela A. Andrews; Dwayne I. Bohannon; J.M. Brown; Don E. Broyles; Grace E. Coley; Fred Collins; J. Samuel Cox; Kenneth G. Flowe; Carey Hardee; Scott G. Hogue; Lowell E. Holden; Patricia Holliday; Warren P. Holliday; Henry E. Ingram; Steven E. Lipscomb; Tim Mahon; Jimmy Martin, Jr.; Cynthia McDonald; James McDonald; Allan Schaefer; David R. Simpson; Ron Spencer; Mickey H. Stacks; William Darwin Wheeler; Hershel L. Williamson; A.J. Wilson, Jr., in their individual and corporate capacities as representatives of all others similarly situated, Defendants-Appellants. Joan Caldwell Johnson; Lorraine Witherspoon Baker; Danny Kay Smith; Sara Edell Boan; Deanna Kay Frans; Darryl Bernard Epps; Andrew Nobles; Joseph Chester Walker; William Joseph Harnett, Jr.; Bruce Anderson; William Bell; Faye Blaylock; Mike Brewer; Mike Brown; Ronald Callahan; Sandra Coulter; Lisa Crum; Andreas Drutis; Crystal Gayle Edwards; Buster Elfin Floyd; George Henley; Loretta Jones; Margaret Locklear; Tammy Locklear; Linda McCleod; William McCormick; Hugh Meise; Patty Miller; Gary Padgett; Mary Pinchback; Vardry Pittman; Albert J. Samra; Mason Skeenes; Jim Stolz; Amber Strickland; Charles Stubbs; Lonya Thigpen; James Thompson; Jessie Williams; Valerie Williams, and on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated; State of South Carolina; ex rel., Charles M. Condon, in his official capacity as Attorney General, Plaintiffs-Appellees, State of South Carolina; ex rel., Charles M. Condon, in his official capacity as Attorney General, Plaintiffs, v. Collins Entertainment Corporation; Fred Collins, Defendants-Appellants, American Amusement Company, Incorporated; American Amusement of Aiken, Incorporated; Joytime Distributors & Amusement, Incorporated; Red Dot Amusements; CBA Games, Incorporated; Best Amusement Company; Greenwood Music Company, Incorporated; Ace Amusement, LLC; B & J Amusement; Broyles & Lutz, Incorporated; Carousel Amusements; Coley, Incorporated; Drew Industries; Fast Freddies; Great Games, Incorporated; H & J of South Carolina, Incorporated; Holliday Amusement Company of Charleston, Incorporated; Hoyts Music Company, Incorporated; Huckleberry Amusement, Incorporated; Ingram Investments; J.M. Brown Amusement Company, Incorporated; Larry Wolfe Amusement; MHJ Corporation; MHS Enterprises, Incorporated; Martin Coin Machine, Incorporated; McDonald Amusement Company; Midlands Gaming Corporation; Orangeburg Amusement, Incorporated; Pedroland, Incorporated; R.L. Jordan Oil Company of North Carolina; Rosemary Coin Machines of Florence, Incorporated; Scott's Vending Incorporated of Columbia; Sumter Petroleum Company; Tim's Amusement, Incorporated; Videomatic Amusements, Incorporated; H. Hugh Andrews, II; Pamela A. Andrews; Dwayne I. Bohannon; J.M. Brown; Don E. Broyles; Grace E. Coley; Fred Collins; J. Samuel Cox; Kenneth G. Flowe; Carey Hardee; Scott G. Hogue; Lowell E. Holden; Patricia Holliday; Warren P. Holliday; Henry E. Ingram; Steven E. Lipscomb; Tim Mahon; Jimmy Martin, Jr.; Cynthia McDonald; James McDonald; Allan Schaefer; David R. Simpson; Ron Spencer; Mickey H. Stacks; William Darwin Wheeler; Hershel L. Williamson; A.J. Wilson, Jr., in their individual and corporate capacities as representatives of all others similarly situated, Defendants, South Carolina Department of Revenue, Movant. Joan Caldwell Johnson; Lorraine Witherspoon Baker; Danny Kay Smith; Sara Edell Boan; Deanna Kay Frans; Darryl Bernard Epps; Andrew Nobles; Joseph Chester Walker; William Joseph Harnett, Jr.; Bruce Anderson; William Bell; Faye Blaylock; Mike Brewer; Mike Brown; Ronald Callahan; Sandra Coulter; Lisa Crum; Andreas Drutis; Buster Elfin Floyd; George Henley; Loretta Jones; Margaret Locklear; Tammy Locklear; Linda McCleod; William McCormick; Hugh Meise; Patty Miller; Gary Padgett; Mary Pinchback; Vardry Pittman; Albert J. Samra; Mason Skeenes; Amber Strickland; Charles Stubbs; Lonya Thigpen; James Thompson; Jessie Williams; Valerie Williams, and on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs-Appellees, Crystal Gayle Edwards; Jim Stolz; State of South Carolina; ex rel., Charles M. Condon, in his official capacity as Attorney General, Plaintiffs, v. Pedroland, Incorporated; Ingram Investments, Incorporated; MHS Enterprises, Incorporated; R.L. Jordan Oil Company of North Carolina, Incorporated; Henry E. Ingram and Mickey H. Stacks, Defendants-Appellants, and Collins Entertainment Corporation; American Amusement Company, Incorporated; American Amusement of Aiken, Incorporated; Joytime Distributors & Amusement, Incorporated; Red Dot Amusements; CBA Games, Incorporated; Best Amusement Company; Greenwood Music Company, Incorporated; Ace Amusement, LLC; B & J Amusement; Broyles & Lutz, Incorporated; Carousel Amusements; Coley, Incorporated; Drew Industries; Fast Freddies; Great Games, Incorporated; H & J of South Carolina, Incorporated; Holliday Amusement Company of Charleston, Incorporated; Hoyts Music Company, Incorporated; Huckleberry Amusement, Incorporated; J.M. Brown Amusement Company, Incorporated; Larry Wolfe Amusement; MHJ Corporation; Martin Coin Machine, Incorporated; McDonald Amusement Company; Midlands Gaming Corporation; Orangeburg Amusement, Incorporated; Rosemary Coin Machines of Florence, Incorporated; Scott's Vending Incorporated of Columbia; Sumter Petroleum Company; Tim's Amusement, Incorporated; Videomatic Amusements, Incorporated; H. Hugh Andrews, II; Pamela A. Andrews; Dwayne I. Bohannon; J.M. Brown; Don E. Broyles; Grace E. Coley; Fred Collins; J. Samuel Cox; Kenneth G. Flowe; Carey Hardee; Scott G. Hogue; Lowell E. Holden; Patricia Holliday; Warren E. Holliday; Steven E. Lipscomb; Tim Mahon; Jimmy Martin, Jr.; Cynthia McDonald; James McDonald; Allan Schaefer; David R. Simpson; Ron Spencer; William Darwin Wheeler; Herschel L. Williamson; A.J. Wilson, Jr., in their individual and corporate capacities and in their capacities as representatives of all others similarly situated, Defendants, and South Carolina Department of Revenue, Movant.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Decided: December 27, 1999.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

ARGUED: Dwight Franklin Drake, Nelson, Mullins, Riley & Scarborough, L.L.P., Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellants. William Allen Nickles, III, Gergel, Nickles & Solomon, P.A., Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellees. ON BRIEF: A. Camden Lewis, Lewis, Babcock & Hawkins, L.L.P., Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellants Ace Amusement, et al.; Richard A. Harpootlian, Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellants Coley, et al.; David E. Belding, Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellants MHS Enterprises and Stacks; J. Brent Kiker, Kiker & Douds, Beaufort, South Carolina, for Appellants Ingram Investments and Ingram; Matthew A. Henderson, Henderson, Brandt & Vieth, Spartanburg, South Carolina, for Appellant Jordan Oil; J. Boone Aiken, III, Aiken, Nunn, Elliott & Tyler, Florence, South Carolina; James B. Richardson, Jr., Richardson & Birdsong, Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellant Pedroland; O.W. Bannister, James W. Bannister, Hill, Wyatt & Bannister, Greenville, South Carolina; Russell D. Ghent, Leatherwood, Walker, Todd & Mann, Greenville, South Carolina, for Appellants Collins Amusement and Collins. Richard M. Gergel, Carl L. Solomon, David E. Rothstein, Gergel, Nickles & Solomon, P.A., Columbia, South Carolina; Lawrence E. Richter, Jr., Saul Gliserman, David K. Haller, The Richter Firm, P.A., Mount Pleasant, South Carolina; R. Randall Bridwell, Columbia, South Carolina; Richard K. Walker, Streich Lang, Phoenix, Arizona; J.P. Strom, Jr., Thomas R. Young, Jr., Strom, Young & Thurmond, L.L.P., Columbia, South Carolina, for Appellees.

Before WILKINSON, Chief Judge, LUTTIG, Circuit Judge, and Frank J. MAGILL, Senior Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, sitting by designation.


Vacated and remanded with directions by published opinion. Chief Judge WILKINSON wrote the opinion, in which Senior Judge MAGILL joined. Judge LUTTIG wrote an opinion concurring in the judgment.

OPINION

WILKINSON, Chief Judge:

Plaintiffs are habitual gamblers who have sued South Carolina video poker operators as part of an effort to kick their habits. They requested an injunction to prevent the video poker...

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