Renee LOWERY; Lisa S. Peterson, Plaintiffs-Appellees,
and
Shelby McKnight; Gregory Fleming; Sonya Hairston; Dynelle Johnson; Nadra Smith; Ponnette Smith; Sheila Smith; Patricia Spencer; Edward Stokes, Plaintiffs,
v.
CIRCUIT CITY STORES, INCORPORATED, Defendant-Appellant.
Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America; Washington Legal Foundation; Equal Employment Advisory Council; National Retail Federation; Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc., Amici Curiae.
Shelby McKNIGHT; Gregory Fleming; Renee Lowery; Nadra Smith; Ponnette Smith; Sheila Smith; Patricia Spencer; Edward Stokes; Lisa S. Peterson, Plaintiffs-Appellants,
and
Sonya Hairston; Dynelle Johnson, Plaintiffs,
v.
CIRCUIT CITY STORES, INCORPORATED, Defendant-Appellee.
Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America; Washington Legal Foundation; Equal Employment Advisory Council; National Retail Federation; Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc., Amici Curiae.
Shelby McKNIGHT; Renee Lowery; Lisa S. Peterson, Plaintiffs-Appellees,
and
Gregory Fleming; Sonya Hairston; Dynelle Johnson; Nadra Smith; Ponnette Smith; Sheila Smith; Patricia Spencer; Edward Stokes, Plaintiffs,
v.
CIRCUIT CITY STORES, INCORPORATED, Defendant-Appellant.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc., Amici Curiae.
Renee LOWERY, Plaintiff-Appellee,
and
Shelby McKnight; Gregory Fleming; Sonya Hairston; Dynelle Johnson; Nadra Smith; Ponnette Smith; Sheila Smith; Patricia Spencer; Edward Stokes; Lisa S. Peterson, Plaintiffs,
v.
CIRCUIT CITY STORES, INCORPORATED, Defendant-Appellant.
United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.https://leagle.com/images/logo.png
Argued April 9, 1998.
Decided September 14, 1998.
Attorney(s) appearing for the Case
ARGUED: Andrew Lewis Frey, Mayer, Brown & Platt, Washington, D.C., for Appellant. David Jay Cynamon, Shaw, Pittman, Potts & Trowbridge, Washington, D.C., for Appellees. ON BRIEF: Kenneth S. Geller, Donald M. Falk, Peter C. Choharis, Mark S. Davies, Mayer, Brown & Platt, Washington, D.C.; W. Stephen Cannon, Pamela G. Parsons, Teri C. Miles, Circuit City Stores, Inc., Richmond, Virginia, for Appellant. Phillip D. Bostwick, James B. Hamlin, Duane K. Young, Shaw, Pittman, Potts & Trowbridge, Washington, D.C.; Joseph M. Sellers, Avis Buchanan, The Washington Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights and Urban Affairs, Washington, D.C.; John A. Gibney, Jr., Shuford, Rubin & Gibney, P.C., Richmond, Virginia, for Appellees. Robert J. Smith, Harry A. Rissetto, Mona C. Zeiberg, Morgan, Lewis & Bockius, L.L.P., Washington, D.C.; Stephen A. Bokat, Robin S. Conrad, Sussan L. Mahallati, National Chamber Litigation Center, Inc., Washington, D.C., for Amicus Curiae Chamber of Commerce. John J. Gallagher, Barbara Berish Brown, Neal D. Mollen, Kelly J. Koelker, Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker, L.L.P., Washington, D.C.; Daniel L. Popeo, Paul D. Kamenar, Washington Legal Foundation, Washington, D.C., for Amicus Curiae Foundation. Ann Elizabeth Reesman, Robert E. Williams, McGuiness & Williams, Washington, D.C., for Amicus Curiae Advisory Council; Robert P. Joy, Morgan, Brown & Joy, Boston, Massachusetts, for Amicus Curiae National Retail Federation. C. Gregory Stewart, General Counsel, J. Ray Terry, Jr., Deputy General Counsel, Gwendolyn Young Reams, Associate General Counsel, Vincent J. Blackwood, Assistant General Counsel, Paul D. Ramshaw, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Washington, D.C., for Amicus Curiae EEOC. Elaine R. Jones, Director/Counsel, Theodore M. Shaw, Norman J. Chachkin, Charles Stephen Ralston, NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc., New York, New York, for Amicus Curiae Fund.
Before MURNAGHAN, WILKINS, and HAMILTON, Circuit Judges.
United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.
Affirmed in part, vacated in part, and remanded with instructions by published opinion. Judge HAMILTON wrote the opinion, in which Judge MURNAGHAN and Judge WILKINS joined.
OPINION
HAMILTON, Circuit Judge:
This case involves claims of racial discrimination brought by eleven African-American current and former employees (collectively, the Plaintiffs) individually and on behalf of all African-Americans employed at the Richmond, Virginia headquarters...
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