HICKERSON v. CITY OF NEW YORK

Dockets Nos. 98-7269, 98-7270.

146 F.3d 99 (1998)

Rachel HICKERSON, Derek Jones, Ty McConnell, and Elliot Stamler, Plaintiffs-Appellants, Amsterdam Video Inc., A & X Entertainment Inc., d/b/a Playpen II, Adult Video, Inc., Ascot Space Amusement, Inc., d/b/a Ascot Theatre, Big Apple Cinemas Inc., d/b/a Show Follies Theater, Brett Distributors, Inc., d/b/a Media Distributors, Capri Cinema Inc., Capwell Entertainment, Inc., d/b/a Legz Diamond's Playhouse, Church Street Cafe Inc., d/b/a Baby Doll Lounge, College Pt. Rest. Corp., d/b/a Gallagher's II, Crazy Fantasy Video, Inc., Cupid's Treasures, Inc., d/b/a Banana Video and Unicorn, Dara Distributors Inc., d/b/a Love Shack, Desire Video Inc., E & A Books, Inc., E & A Video and Magazine Inc., Ed-Mart Bar & Grill Inc., d/b/a Penny Whistle, For the People Theatres of N.Y., Inc., d/b/a Fair Theatre, Four Keys Enterprises, Inc., d/b/a Hollywood Peepshows, Fourteenth St. Enterprises Inc., d/b/a All Male Adult Video, Fun City Video Corp., G & D Merchandise Corp., d/b/a Peepland, Gotham Exhibitor Inc., d/b/a Peep O Rama, Helen Wolff Ltd., d/b/a Come Again, I.S. Sultars Inc., J & J Tummy Yummies Corp., d/b/a Naked City, JGJ Merchandise Corp., d/b/a Peepland/Valentina's II, JHM Video Corp., JUM Operating Corp., d/b/a Peepland, JVR Video Center Inc., d/b/a Playground, Kinematics Merchandising & Distributors, Inc., d/b/a Kinematics, Kisma Video, Inc., L & T Video, Inc., d/b/a Badlands Adult Video, Madeline D'Anthony Ent. Inc., d/b/a Harmony Theatre, Manhattan Video Inc., Marquis Video Inc., d/b/a Marquis Video, Mirage Productions Inc., d/b/a Love Shack, Montana Holdings Inc., d/b/a Runway 69, Nawan Entertainment Inc., d/b/a Euro World, Nilupul Video Inc., N.R.S. Video Inc., N.Y. Video Inc., d/b/a Love Shack, Pabon Theatre Corp., d/b/a Eros Theatre, Peregrine Enterprises, Inc., d/b/a Paradise Club, R.E.J.M., Inc., d/b/a Big Top, Ron Bob Pub Inc., d/b/a Gallagher's, Sami's Video Warehouse, d/b/a Warehouse on the Block, LTD, Serendib Video Inc., d/b/a Serendib Video, SPH Video Corp., Star Distributors, LTD, Statewide Video Inc., Steam Heat Inc., STS Video Inc., d/b/a Adult Video, Suemar Video, Inc., d/b/a Goodtime Video, Third Avenue Entertainment Inc., d/b/a XXX Video, Thunder Video Inc., Town Video Sales, Inc., d/b/a Les Hommes Book Shop, Video, Video, Video, Inc., Video 30 of Queens Inc., d/b/a Ecsxxxtasy Video, West Video Inc., Zideo Video Inc., 21 Ann Street Corp., d/b/a Ann Street Adult Entertainment, 130 C Street Corp., d/b/a Christopher Street Book Shop, 155 Video Center Corp., d/b/a Peepworld, 300 Book Center, 303 W. 42nd Street Enterprises Inc., d/b/a Show World, 323 Canal St. Inc., 325 W. 45th St. Rest. Corp., d/b/a Private Eyes, 35-30 38th St. Corp., d/b/a Cityscape, 412 8th Ave. Corp., d/b/a Nude New York City, 45-08 Vernon Blvd. Corp., d/b/a Riverhead Inn, 603 Video Inc., 610 Video Store Inc., 691 8th Avenue Corp., 691 Video Center Corp., 693 Video Corp., d/b/a TNL Video, 711 Associates Ltd., d/b/a Peepland, 729 6th Avenue Corp., d/b/a Billy's Topless, 733A Corp., d/b/a Video Palace, 763 Video Store Inc., 777-779 8th Ave. Corp., d/b/a Hollywood Twin, 81-22 Baxter Ave. Lounge Inc., d/b/a ILDA's Place II, Plaintiffs-Appellants. v. The CITY OF NEW YORK, Hon. Rudolph W. Giuliani, as Mayor of the City of New York, Joseph B. Rose, as Director of City Planning, Department of City Planning of the City of New York, and Gaston Silva, as Commissioner of Buildings, Department of Buildings of the City of New York, Defendants-Appellees, Times Square Business Improvement District, Center for the Community Interest, Bellaire/Bell-Vill Civic Association, Bnos Israel Girls' School, Bowne Park Civic Association, Briarwood Community Association, Bronx Community Board # 12, Brooklyn Civil Council, Brooklyn Tenants Council, Cardinal Spellman High School, Coalition of United Residents for a Safer Environment, College Point Board of Trade, Committee for a Better and Safer Nostrand Avenue, Communities of Masbeth and Elmhurst Together, Community School District 21 Presidents' Council, Congregation Bnai Shloima Zalman, Crown Heights Taxpayers and Civic Association, Douglaston Civic Association, East Midwood Neighborhood Association, Councilmember Andrew Eristoff, Grand Central Partnership, Holliswood Civic Association, Hudde Junior High School Parents Association, Jackson Heights Community Development Corporation, Kings Highway District Management Association, Kingsway Jewish Center; Lawyers' Committee on Violence, Manhattan Terrace Civic Association,Councilmember Helen Marshall, Midwood Civic Action Council Inc., New Northern Boulevard Business Association, Northern Boulevard Merchants' Association, 100-299 East 77th Street Block Association, Prospect Park Yeshiva, Queens Braddock Civic Association, Queens Village Civic Association, Real Estate Board of New York, Residents Against Street Prostitution, Rosedale Block Association, Rosedale Civic Association, Councilmember John Sabini, 34th Street Partnership, United Civic Council of Queens, United Community Civic Association, Councilmember Anthony Weiner, West 45th Street Block Association, West 47th/West 48th Street Block Association and West 90's/West 100's Neighborhood Coalition, Defendants-Respondents-Intervenors-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

Decided June 3, 1998.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Herald Price Fahringer, Lipsitz, Green, Fahringer, Roll, Salisbury & Cambria, LLP, New York City (Erica T. Dubno, Lipsitz, Green, Fahringer, Roll, Salisbury & Cambria, LLP; J. Michael Murray, Berkman, Gordon, Murray & DeVan, of counsel), for Plaintiffs-Appellants Amsterdam Video, Inc., et al.

Beth Haroules, New York Civil Liberties Union Foundation, New York City (Arthur N. Eisenberg, Norman Siegel, New York Civil Liberties Union Foundation, of counsel), for Plaintiffs-Appellants Rachel Hickerson, et al.

Leonard J. Koerner, Office of the Corporation Counsel of the City of New York, New York City (Michael D. Hess, Corporation Counsel of the City of New York, Gabriel Taussig, Elizabeth S. Natrella, of counsel), for Defendants-Appellees.

Frederick A.O. Schwarz, Jr., Cravath, Swaine & Moore, New York City, for Defendant-Respondent-Intervenor-Appellee Times Square Business Improvement District.

Wayne A. Cross, Dewey Ballantine LLP, New York City, for Defendants-Respondents-Intervenors-Appellees Center for the Community Interest, et al.

Before: VAN GRAAFEILAND, MESKILL, and CABRANES, Circuit Judges.


JOSÉ A. CABRANES, Circuit Judge:

This case concerns an amendment to the Zoning Resolution of the City of New York (the "Zoning Amendment") regulating the zoning of "adult establishment[s]," as defined by the Zoning Amendment. The principal provisions of the Zoning Amendment limit the permissible locations of adult establishments to non-residential districts1 and require that they be located — within the districts in which they...

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