U.S. v. VAKNIN

Nos. 96-1394, 96-1393 and 96-1373.

112 F.3d 579 (1997)

UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Moshe VAKNIN, Defendant, Appellant. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. E. Eric YEGHIAN, Defendant, Appellant. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Michael J. FONSECA, Defendant, Appellant.

United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit.

Decided May 6, 1997.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Mark J. Gillis, Boston, MA by appointment of the court, for appellant Vaknin.

C. Leonard O'Brien, Providence, RI, for appellant Yeghian.

John A. MacFadyen, Providence, RI, for appellant Fonseca.

Ira Belkin, Assistant United States Attorney, Providence, RI, with whom Sheldon Whitehouse, United States Attorney, and Margaret E. Curran, Assistant United States Attorney, were on brief, for the United States.

Before SELYA, Circuit Judge, BOWNES, Senior Circuit Judge, and STAHL, Circuit Judge.


SELYA, Circuit Judge.

These consolidated appeals raise, inter alia, an interesting question anent the standard of causation that courts must apply in fashioning restitutionary orders under the Victim and Witness Protection Act (VWPA), 18 U.S.C. §§ 3663(a), 3664(a) (1994). The appeals arise out of a multi-count indictment: each of the three appellants bribed the same bank official in connection with the making...

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