STATE EX REL. THOMPSON v. JACKSON

No. 95-2153-OA.

199 Wis.2d 714 (1996)

546 N.W.2d 140

STATE of Wisconsin EX REL. Tommy G. THOMPSON, Governor, State of Wisconsin, Petitioner, John T. BENSON, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction and James E. Doyle, Attorney General, Necessary-Parties, Marquelle MILLER, Cynthia Miller, Angela Gray, Zachery Gray, Shon Richardson, George Richardson, Latrisha Henry, Faye Henry, Reigne Barrett, Valerie Barrett, Candice Williams, Senton Williams, Clintrai Giles, Sharon Giles, Parents for School Choice, Pilar Gonzalez, Dinah Cooley, Julie Vogel, Kate Helsper, Blong Yang, Gail Crockett, Yolanda Lassiter and Jeanine Knox, Necessary-Parties-Intervening-Petitioners, Rep. Annette Polly WILLIAMS, Intervenor-Petitioner, v. Warner JACKSON, Jennifer Evans, Wendell Harris, The Reverend Andrew Kennedy, Rabbi Issac Serotta, Ceilann Libber, Father Thomas J. Mueller, Reverend John N. Gregg, Diane Brewer, Colleen Beaman, Mary Morris, Penny Morse, Kathleen Jones, Philip Jones, Milwaukee Teachers' Education Association, by its President, M. Charles Howard, Michael Langyel, Donald Luther, Tracy Adams, Milwaukee Public Schools Administrators and Supervisors Council, Inc., by its Executive Director, Carl A. Gobel, People for the American Way, by its Executive Vice President and Legal Director, Elliott M. Mincberg, John Drew, Susan Endress, Richard Riley, Jeanette Robertson, Vincent Knox, Bertha Zamudio, James Johnson, Robert Ullman and Sally F. Mills, Respondents.

Supreme Court of Wisconsin.

Decided March 29, 1996.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

For the petitioner there were briefs by Edward S. Marion and Murphy & Desmond, S.C., Madison and Kenneth Starr, Jay P. Lefkowitz, Paul D. Clement and Kirkland & Ellis, Washington, D.C. and oral argument by Kenneth Starr.

For the necessary parties the cause was submitted on the briefs by Warren D. Weinstein, assistant attorney general, with whom on the briefs was James E. Doyle, attorney general.

For necessary parties, Marquelle Miller, et al., there were briefs by Lauren Brown-Perry, Madison and Mark J. Bredemeier, Janice S. O'Brien and Landmark Legal Foundation, Kansas City, MO and oral argument by Mark J. Bredemeier.

For necessary parties, Parents for School Choice, et al., there were briefs by Michael D. Dean, Milwaukee and William H. Mellor, III, Clint Bolick and Institute for Justice, Washington, D.C. and oral argument by Clint Bolick.

For the respondents there was a brief by Jeffrey J. Kassel, Melanie E. Cohen and LaFollette & Sinykin, Madison; Steven K. Green and Americans United For Separation of Church and State, Washington, D.C.; Peter M. Koneazny and American Civil Liberties Union of Wisconsin Foundation, Inc., Milwaukee; Steven R. Shapiro and American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, New York, NY and oral argument by Jeffrey J. Kassel.

For respondents, Milwaukee Teachers Education Association, et al, there was a brief by Richard Perry, Richard Saks and Perry, Lerner & Quindell, Milwaukee; Robert H. Chanin, John M. West and Bredhoff & Kaiser, P.L.L.C., Washington D.C.; Bruce Meredith, Chris Galinat and Wisconsin Education Association Council, Madison; Elliot M. Mincberg, Judith Schaeffer and People for the American Way Action Fund, Washington D.C. and Timothy Hawks and Shneidman, Myers, Dowling & Blumenfield, Milwaukee and oral argument by Robert H. Chanin.

Amicus curiae brief was filed by Steven J. Schooler and Lawton & Cates, S.C., Madison for the Board of Church and Society and Chancellor, Wisconsin Annual Conference of the United Methodist Church.

Amicus curiae brief was filed by Alex Flynn and Alex Flynn & Associates, S.C., Milwaukee and Mark E. Chopko, John A. Liekweg and U.S. Catholic Conference, Washington, D.C. for the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and United States Catholic Conference.

Amicus curiae brief was filed by Grant F. Langley, city attorney, Susan D. Bickert, Roxane L. Crawford, assistant city attorneys, Milwaukee for the Board of School Directors of the City of Milwaukee.

Amicus curiae brief was filed by Michael L. Williams and Haynes and Boone, L.L.P., Fort Worth, TX, for the Center for New Black Leadership.

Amicus curiae brief was filed by William H. Lynch and Law Offices of William H. Lynch and James Hall and Hall, Patterson & Charne, all of Milwaukee for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Amicus curiae brief was filed by Gordon E. McQuillen and Cullen, Weston, Pines & Bach, Madison and David B. Isbell, Johnathan E. Mansfield and Covington & Burling, Washington, D.C. for the National Committee for Public Education & Religious Liberty.

Amicus curiae brief was filed by Steven P. Means and Michael, Best & Friedrich, Madison and Keith A. Fournier, Jay Alan Sekulow, John P. Tuskey, James M. Henderson and The American Center for Law & Justice, Washington, D.C. for the Family Life Project of the American Center for Law.

Amicus curiae brief was filed by Michael P. May, Mark J. Steichen, M. Tess O'Brien-Heinzen and Boardman, Suhr, Curry & Field, Madison for the Wisconsin Interfaith Impact of the Wisconsin Conference of Churches.

Amicus curiae brief was filed by H. Yvonne Vinkemulder, Madison and Steven T. McFarland, Gregory S. Baylor, Annandale, VA and, of counsel, Thomas C. Berg, Birmingham, AL for the Christian Legal Society, Christian Life Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention and National Association of Evangelicals.

Amicus curiae brief was filed by Bradden C. Backer and Godfrey & Kahn, S.C. , and Robert L. Gordon and Weiss, Berzowski, Brady & Donahue, all of Milwaukee, for the Milwaukee Jewish Council for Community Relations and the Wisconsin Jewish Conference.

Amicus curiae brief was filed by Michael J. Julka, Franck C. Sutherland and Lathrop & Clark, Madison for the Wisconsin Association of School Boards, Inc.

Amicus curiae brief was filed by Michael J. Bachhuber, Milwaukee for Progressive Milwaukee.

Amicus curiae brief was filed by Jeffrey Spitzer-Resnick, Madison for the Wisconsin Coalition for Advocacy, Inc.


PER CURIAM.

The court is equally divided. Chief Justice Day, Justice Abrahamson and Justice Bablitch believe that the amendments to the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program (MPCP) are contrary to art. I, § 18 and art. X, § 3 of the Wisconsin Constitution.1

Justice Steinmetz, Justice Wilcox and Justice Geske believe, based both upon the legislation before us and the stipulated...

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