B.F. GOODRICH v. BETKOSKI

Nos. 1268-1271, Dockets 95-6074, 95-6088, 95-6090 and 95-6098.

99 F.3d 505 (1996)

B.F. GOODRICH; Upjohn Company; Dow Corning Corporation; Environmental Waste Resources, Inc.; Reynolds Aluminum Building Products Company; Uniroyal Chemical Co., Inc.; White Consolidated Industries; Kerite Company; Unisys Corporation; Risdon Corp.; Hoechst Celanese Corporation; Cadbury Beverages, Inc.; Coltec Industries, Inc.; Ken-Chas Reserve Co.; United States of America; State of Connecticut; Naugatuck Glass Co.; Naugatuck Treatment Co., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. John BETKOSKI; George Clark; Armstrong Rubber Company; Thomas Ashmore; Borough of Naugatuck; Bristol Flowed Gasket Company; Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority; Dee's, Inc., also known as Dee's Refuse, Inc.; Derby Tire Company; Eastern Company; General Roofing & Sheet Metal Co., Inc.; Gerald Metals, Inc.; C.R. Gibson Company; Hospital Marketing Services Co., Inc.; Ideal Manufacturing Co.; Jacob Brothers, Inc.; Litton Systems, Inc., also known as Winchester Electronics; Manafort Brothers, Inc.; Nasco, Inc.; New Haven Housing Authority; Northeast Utilities; Frank Perrotti & Sons, Inc.; Quality Rubber Co.; Sanitary Refuse Co., Inc.; Seymour Brass Turning Co.; Sperry Rand Corporation; Stauffer Chemical Company; Town of Middlebury; Town of Thomaston; Town of Woodbury; Triangle Industries, Inc.; Turner Construction Company; U.S. Prolam, Inc.; Waterbury Companies, Inc.; Watertown Housing Authority; Zollo Drum Company, Inc.; Atlantic Richfield Co.; Adam's Service Station; Armand's Auto Service; High Ridge Apartments; Ashmore Trucking; Beacon Outing Club; Brass Rail Restaurant; Coffee Shop; Crelan Constr. Co.; Ct. Sheet Metal/Wood Co.; Daddio's; David Rupsis; Edward Betkoski; Elk's Lodge # 967; George's Floor Covering; Horizon Homes; Korvette Services; Latella Carting Co.; Lombard Bros., Inc.; Long Meadow Cafe; McDonald's Restaurant; Meyers & Schwartz; Neal's Coffee Shoppe; Nelson Mendes; Portanova Trucking Co.; Portuguese Club; Ray's Hardware; Shore's Auto Parts; Steve's Tires; Stop & Shop; Triangle Services; Trowbridge Apts.; Valley Motor Trailer Sales; Valley Mobile Homes Park; Vieira Agency; Waterbury Pressed Metals; Town of Bethany; City of Waterbury; Capozziello Brothers; Town of Killingworth; Town of Beacon Falls; Naugatuck Y.M.C.A.; E. Eric Arsan Refuse; John Ashmore; Joseph Betkoski; Connecticut Pharmacare, Inc., doing business as Ford Pharmacy; First National Supermarkets, Inc.; P. Francini Company; Town of Hamden; Jetzon Tire Co.; City of Milford; NRS Carting Co., Inc.; Town of Orange; Peter Paul Cadbury; Town of Plymouth; Town of Seymour; Town of Stratford; Town of Watertown; Town of Westport, Defendants-Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.

Decided November 1, 1996.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Peter A. Appel, Washington, DC (David C. Shilton, Peter M. Flynn, Department of Justice, Washington, DC; Lois J. Schiffer, Assistant Attorney General, Christopher F. Droney, United States Attorney, John B. Hughes, Assistant United States Attorney, New Haven, CT; Daniel H. Winograd, Margery Adams, EPA Region I, Boston, MA, of counsel), for Plaintiff-Appellant United States.

Kenneth N. Tedford, Assistant Attorney General, Hartford, CT (Richard Blumenthal, Attorney General, Robert D. Snook, Assistant Attorney General, State of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, of counsel), for Plaintiff-Appellant State of Connecticut.

John O'Leary, Portland, ME (Catherine R. Connors, David P. Littell, Pierce, Atwood, Scribner, Allen, Smith & Lancaster, Portland, ME, of counsel), for Plaintiff-Appellant Members of the Laurel Park Coalition.

Eric Lukingbeal, Hartford, CT (Brian C.S. Freeman, Bradford S. Babbitt, Robinson & Cole, Hartford, CT, of counsel, and on the brief), for Defendant-Appellee Gerald Metals, Inc.

Frank M. Thomas, Philadelphia, PA (Morgan, Lewis & Bockius, L.L.P., Philadelphia, PA; Michael J. Donnelly, Murtha, Cullina, Richter and Pinney, Hartford, CT; William B. Heinrich, Roger E. Koontz, Silverstone & Koontz, Hartford, CT; Robert L. Trowbridge, Trowbridge, Ide, Mansfield & Schoolcraft, P.C., Hartford, CT, all of counsel, and on the brief), for Defendants-Appellees Armstrong Rubber Co., The Eastern Co., and The Kerite Co.

Nicholas J. Harding, Middletown, CT (Adams, Harding & Conway, Middletown, CT, of counsel), for Defendants-Appellees Manafort Brothers/Connecticut Waste Processing, Inc.; E. Eric Arsan Refuse; NRS Carting Company, Inc.; and Zollo Drum Company, Inc.

Mark Mininberg, New Haven, CT (Katharine S. Goodbody, Mininberg & Goodbody, New Haven, CT, of counsel), for Defendants-Appellees Adam's Service Station, Bank of Boston Connecticut, Bristol Flowed Gasket Co., Inc., The Coffee Shop, Connecticut Sheet Metal, Co., Inc., Crelan Construction Co., Derby Tire Co., Inc., Connecticut Pharmacare, Inc. d/b/a Ford Pharmacy & Medical Supply, First National Supermarkets, Inc., High Ridge Apartments, Hospital Marketing Services, Inc., Horizon Homes, Lombard Bros., Inc./North Penn Transfer, Inc., McDonald's Corp., Nasco, Inc., Naugatuck YMCA, Northeast Utilities, Portanova, Inc., Portuguese Club, Ray's Hardware, Inc., Stauffer Chemical, Steve's Tire and Battery Salvage, The Stop & Shop Companies, Inc., Trowbridge House Apartments, Turner Construction Co., Valley Motor Trailer Sales, Valley Mobile Homes Park, WPM, Inc.

William A. Butler, Washington, DC (Steptoe & Johnson, L.L.P., Washington, DC, of counsel), for Defendant-Appellees Municipal Collectors.

John Robacynski, Woodbridge, CT, for Defendants-Appellees Frank Perrotti & Sons, Inc. and Dee's Refuse, Inc.

Edwin L. Doernberger, New Haven, CT (Catherine K. Lin, Sachs, Sklarz, Shure & Gallant, P.C., New Haven, CT, of counsel), for Defendant-Appellee U.S. Prolam, Inc.

Louis R. Pepe, David E. Rosengren, Pepe & Hazard, Hartford, CT, of counsel, filed a joint brief, for Plaintiffs-Appellants B.F. Goodrich; Upjohn Co.; Dow Corning Corp.; Reynolds Aluminum Building Products Co.; Uniroyal Chemical Co., Inc. and Hoechst Celanese Corp.

Barbara S. Miller, Brody and Ober, P.C., Southport, CT; Louis A. Highmark, Jr., Fink & Highmark, West Hartford, CT, of counsel, filed a brief, for Defendant-Appellee Waterbury Companies, Inc.

William H. Narwold, Eric E. Grondahl, Cummings & Lockwood, Hartford, CT, of counsel, filed a brief, for Defendant-Appellee C.R. Gibson Co.

Roger E. Koontz, William B. Heinrich, Silverstone & Koontz, Hartford, CT; Eric Lukingbeal, Brian C.S. Freeman, Robinson & Cole, Hartford, CT, of counsel, filed a joint brief, for Defendants-Appellees The Eastern Company and Gerald Metals, Inc.

Barbara Betkoski, Diane Betkoski, John W. Betkoski, Sr., Beacon Falls, CT, filed a brief, for pro se Defendants-Appellees, Joseph Betkoski and John W. Betkoski, Sr.

Before: CARDAMONE, WALKER, and McLAUGHLIN, Circuit Judges.


CARDAMONE, Circuit Judge:

This appeal, arising originally from the disposal of hazardous substances at two Connecticut landfills, Beacon Heights and Laurel Park, requires us to determine whether defendants accused of generating and transporting hazardous substances deposited at the two landfill sites might be liable under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) to contribute to the...

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