U.S. v. HOULIHAN

Nos. 95-1614, 95-1615 and 95-1675.

92 F.3d 1271 (1996)

UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. John HOULIHAN, Defendant, Appellant. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Joseph A. NARDONE, Defendant, Appellant. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Michael D. FITZGERALD, Defendant, Appellant.

United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit.

Decided August 22, 1996.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Charles W. Rankin, Boston, MA, with whom Rankin & Sultan was on brief, for appellant Houlihan.

Jonathan Shapiro, Boston, MA, with whom Angela Lehman and Stern, Shapiro, Weissberg & Garin were on brief, for appellant Nardone.

Kevin S. Nixon, Medford, MA, with whom Robert Y. Murray and Ramsey & Murray, Boston, MA, were on brief, for appellant Fitzgerald.

Nina Goodman, Attorney, Dept. of Justice, Washington, DC, with whom Donald K. Stern, Unites States Attorney, Boston, MA, Paul V. Kelly and Frank A. Libby, Jr., Assistant United States Attorneys, Boston, MA, and Daniel S. Goodman, Los Angeles, CA, and David S. Kris, Attorneys, Dept. of Justice, Washington, DC, were on brief, for the United States.

Before SELYA, Circuit Judge, CAMPBELL, Senior Circuit Judge, and BOUDIN, Circuit Judge.


SELYA, Circuit Judge.

These appeals present a hothouse of efflorescent issues set against a backdrop composed of roughly equal parts of drugs, money, and mayhem. Two of those issues — one implicating the Confrontation Clause and the other involving Fed.R.Crim.P. 24(c) — raise important questions of first impression in this circuit. In the pages that follow, we offer a skeletal outline of the case and then put flesh on the bones by addressing, first,...

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