BERKLEY v. COMMON COUNCIL OF CITY OF CHARLESTON

No. 94-1121.

63 F.3d 295 (1995)

William BERKLEY, Jr.; Carrie L. Chance; Allen R. Copley; Alfred J. Carey; Harmon H. Marks; Basil S. Scott; William F. Thaxton, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. The COMMON COUNCIL OF the CITY OF CHARLESTON, Defendant-Appellee. Regina Alexander, Amicus Curiae.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Decided August 11, 1995.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

ARGUED: James Anthony McKowen, Hunt, Lees, Farrell & Kessler, Charleston, WV, for appellants. John Richard Fowler, Huddleston, Bolen, Beatty, Porter & Copen, Charleston, WV, for appellee. ON BRIEF: Blake Benton, Huddleston, Bolen, Beatty, Porter & Copen, Charleston, WV, for appellee. Martha A. Geer, Patterson, Harkavy & Lawrence, Raleigh, NC, for amicus curiae.

Reversed and remanded by published opinion. Judge LUTTIG wrote the majority opinion, in which Chief Judge ERVIN, Judges HALL, MURNAGHAN, WILKINS, NIEMEYER, HAMILTON, WILLIAMS, MICHAEL, and MOTZ and Senior Judge PHILLIPS joined. Senior Judge PHILLIPS wrote a special concurring opinion, in which Chief Judge ERVIN and Judge MURNAGHAN joined. Judge WIDENER wrote a dissenting opinion. Judge WILKINSON wrote a dissenting opinion, in which Judge RUSSELL and Judge WIDENER joined.


OPINION

LUTTIG, Circuit Judge:

We heard this case en banc to decide whether a municipality, here the City of Charleston, is entitled to absolute immunity from liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for the unconstitutional enactments and actions of its local legislature. The numerous circuits that have addressed the question have unanimously concluded, in recognition of Supreme Court precedent, that municipalities are not entitled to such an immunity...

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