MACKLANBURG-DUNCAN CO. v. AETNA CAS. AND SUR. CO.

Nos. 93-6143, 93-6144, 93-6158, 93-6163 and 93-6181.

71 F.3d 1526 (1995)

MACKLANBURG-DUNCAN CO.; Magnetic Peripherals, Inc.; McDonnell Douglas Corporation; PPG Industries; Weyerhauser Company; Wolverine Corporation, Plaintiffs-Appellants and Cross-Appellees, v. AETNA CASUALTY AND SURETY COMPANY; Continental Casualty Company; Interstate Fire and Casualty Company; Stonewall Insurance Company, Defendants-Appellees and Cross-Appellants and Home Indemnity Company, Defendant. DOWNTOWN AIRPARK, INC., a Delaware corporation, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CONTINENTAL INSURANCE COMPANY, a New Hampshire corporation; Fireman's Fund Insurance Company, a California corporation, Defendants-Appellees. UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff, v. Royal N. HARDAGE; United States Pollution Control; Oklahoma National Stockyards Company; Dal-Worth Industries; Double Eagle; Samuel Bishkin, doing business as Eltex Chemical; L & S Bearing Company; Kerr-McGee Corporation; Cato Oil; PPG Industries; The Firestone Tire and Rubber Company; Foster Feed & Seed Co.; Texaco, Inc.; Powell Sanitation Service, Inc., Defendants, HARDAGE STEERING COMMITTEE MEMBERS: Advance Chemical Distribution, Inc.; Allied-Signal, Inc.; AT & T Technologies, Inc.; Ashland Oil, Inc.; Atlantic Richfield Company; Borg-Warner Corporation; Exxon Corporation; Gencorp, Inc.; Bull HN Information Systems Inc.; Maremont Corporation; McDonnell-Douglas Corporation; Mobil Chemical Company; Nalco Chemical Company; Oklahoma Gas & Electric Company; The Oklahoma Publishing Company; Rockwell International Corporation; Texas Instruments, Incorporated; Uniroyal, Inc.; UOP, Inc.; Westinghouse Electric Corporation; Weyerhaeuser Company; Diffee Motor Company; Fruehauf Corporation, Fruehauf Division; Fruehauf Corporation, doing business as Hobbs Trailer; McAlester Public Schools; Bob McBroom, doing business as American Furniture Stripping, individually; Sooner Ford Truck Sales, Inc., Defendants-Third-Party-Plaintiffs-Appellants and Defendants-Third-Party-Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. A.H. BELO, doing business as Dallas Morning News; JOC Oil, Morning News; ACME Fence & Iron Co.; Alamo Group Texas, Inc.; AAR Oklahoma, Inc.; Aircraftsman, Inc.; Agnew Auto Parts; American National Can Corporation; Anadite, Inc.; Arrow Tank Trucks; Aztec Manufacturing; Arrow Industries; Aviall of Texas, Inc.; BASF; Betz Laboratories, Inc.; Blanks Engraving; Beazers Materials; Blackwell Zinc Company, Inc.; Broadway Machine & Motor Supply, Inc.; The Bucket Shop, Inc.; Charles Machine Works, Inc.; Container Supply, Inc.; Carnation Company; Container Corp. of America; Continental Can Company, Inc.; Cook Paint & Varnish Co.; CTU of Delaware; Country Home Meat Company; Dart Industries; Delta Faucet Company; Del Paint Corporation; Dixico, Inc.; Downtown Airpark, Inc.; Drilex Systems, Inc.; Dubois Chemicals, Inc.; Dresser Industries, Inc.; Drillers Engine & Supply, Inc.; Fisher Controls; GAF; E C Industries; Fred Jones Manufacturing Company; General Dynamics; General Motors Corporation; Glidden Company; SCM Corporation; Groendyke Transport, Inc.; General Electric Company; Goodyear Tire and Rubber, Inc.; H.W. Allen; Hudiberg Chevrolet; Ingersoll-Rand Oilfield Products Company; Hinderliter Tool; Johnson Controls, Inc.; Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc.; Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp.; Johnson-Johnson Hospital; Surgikos, Inc.; Kelly Moore Paint; Kerr Glass Manufacturing; Jones-Blair Co.; Laidlaw Waste; W.J. Lamberton; Master Motor Rebuilders, Inc.; Fixture Morris Co.; Madix; George McKiddie, doing business as Capitol Grease Co.; Motorolla; Northrop Worldwide Aircraft, doing business as Earl D. Mills; Packaging Corporation of America; Parker-Hannifin Corp.; O'Brien Corporation; Printpack, Inc.; Proctor & Gamble Manufacturing Co.; Quebecor Printing; Maxwell Communication; Riverside Press; Reliance Universal, Inc.; Rotex Corporation; Sherwin Williams Company; Star Manufacturing; Sermatech; Southwest Electric Company; Stearns & Foster Bedding; Susan Crane; Sublett & Associates, Inc.; Teccor Electronics, Inc.; TRW, Inc.; Turbodel; United Plating Works, Inc.; Valley Steel Products Company; Unit Parts Company; United States Brass Corporation; Van Der Horst USA; Waste Management of Oklahoma; Western Uniform & Towel Service; Zoecon Corporation; Xerox; Magnetic Peripherals, Inc.; Consolidated Clean.; ABCO, Inc.; Advance Packaging, Inc.; Amedco Steel Inc.; American Trailers; Anthes Inc., doing business as Anthes HiReach; Arthur G. McGee & Company; B & J Tank Truck Service, Inc.; B.W. Solutions, Inc.; Bacon Transport Company, Inc.; Beauty Craft Vanities; Blackwell Industrial; Paul Boone, formerly doing business as Lawton Plating Co., individually; C & H Services, Inc.; CMI Corporation; Central Oklahoma Equipment Corporation; Cimarron Aircraft Corporation; Cimarron Manufacturing Company; Cliftco, Inc.; Day International Corporation; D-Mac Leasing, Inc.; Eureka Tool Company; Ferris Resources, Inc.; Hobbs Trailer; Vernon Garney, doing business as Auto Saver, individually; Glidden Coating, a Division of SCM Corporation; Hamm & Phillips Service Company; Industrial Fabrication Co.; Jackie Cooper Olds-GMC, Inc.; James Bute Company; William Jenkins, doing business as Foster Septic Tank, individually; J.F. Smith & Sons, Inc.; Kelsey-Hayes Corporation, also known as Kelsey Axle & Brakes Co.; Bill Lance; Larry Goad & Company; Lassiter Enterprises, Inc.; Materials Recovery Enterprises, Inc.; Ray McGee, doing business as Quality Drum Service, individually; Grease Company; Medley Material Handling Inc.; Metroplex Sanitation, Inc.; Mistletoe Express Service, Inc.; Napko Corporation; Newman Bros. Trucking Company; Noble Chemical Corporation; The City of Norman; Oklahoma Tank Service; Oklahoma Transportation Company; Page Industries, Inc.; Powell Electric Manufacturing Company; George Powell, doing business as Powell Service Company, individually; Premier Industrial Corp., doing business as Kent Industries; RWR Steel Company; Rabar Enterprises, Inc.; Ram Transports, Inc.; Reliance Universal Inc.; S & S Plating Company; Solvent Manufacturing Company, Inc.; Sooner Oil Patch Services, Inc.; Spector Red Ball, Inc.; Steelcraft, Inc.; Sunwest Industries of Oklahoma, Inc.; Raymond Switzer, doing business as Switzer & Gypsum Lime Company, individually; T.I.P., Inc.; Thermo King Sales & Service of Oklahoma, Inc.; Triangle Engineering Company; Trigg Drilling Company, Inc.; Victor Equipment Co.; Waste Services, Inc.; Welch Enterprises, Inc.; Jim Wesley, doing business as Jim's Septic Tank, individually; Western Commercial Transport, Inc.; Westran Corporation; Witco, Inc.; Xal Corporation; Thomas Engel; A-Better Sanitation Service, Inc.; Reagent Chemical & Research, Inc.; Sun Exploration & Prod. Co.; Cameron Iron Works; J.C. Penney Co., Inc.; Rohm & Haas Seeds, Inc.; Phillips Petroleum Company; South Prairie Construction Co.; The Atchison, Topeka and Sante Fe Railway Company; Nordam Corp.; National Can Corp.; Land & Marine Rental Co., formerly known as Tesoro Land & Marine Rental Co.; Crowl Machine & Heat Treating Co.; Crane Carrier Co.; Corning Glass Works; Occidental Chemical; John Zink Co.; Dura-Chrome Industries, Inc.; The Dow Chemical Co., also known as Dow Industrial Service of the Dow Chemical Co.; Dowell Division of the Dow Chemical Co. & Brasos Oil & Gas Division of the Dow Chemical Co.; IUTS Liquidating Corp., formerly known as Industrial Uniform & Towel Supply Inc.; Clyde's Carburetor Service, Inc.; Amoco Prod. Co., formerly known as Pan American Petroleum; Dover Resources, Inc.; Hudiburg Chevrolet, Inc.; AMF Tuboscope; Eason Oil Co.; Fox-Smythe Transportation Co.; International Crystal Mfg. Co.; Kobe, Inc.; Nelson Electric, Power Service, Inc.; Newspaper Printing Corporation; Ryder Truck Rental, Inc., formerly known as Wilco Truck Rental, Inc.; Southwest Electric Company; Star Mfg. Co. of Oklahoma; Corken International Corp., formerly known as Corken Pump Co.; Glow-Lite Corp. (Artra); Ford Motor Co.; Monsanto Company; Conoco, Inc.; William C. Whitehead; Ilene J. Whitehead; E.I. Dupont de Nemours & Co.; Continental Oil Co.; Day International Corporation (Electric Hose & Rubber); Central Sales Promotion, Inc.; W & W Steel Co.; Chromalloy American; Brittain Brothers; ICO, Inc., formerly known as Fodco, Inc., formerly known as Sucker Rod Service, formerly known as Rodcore, Inc.; Homco International, doing business as A-1 Bit & Tool; Tom Brown's Optical Service, Inc., Farmers Home Administration, Third-Party-Defendants, Ralph L. Lowe, Fourth-Party-Defendant, and Aetna Casualty and Surety Company; Continental Casualty Company; Interstate Fire and Casualty Company; Stonewall Insurance Company, Garnishee-Appellees and Garnishee-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.

December 5, 1995.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Susan L. Gates (Michael D. Graves with her on the brief) of Hall, Estill, Hardwick, Gable, Golden & Nelson, P.C., Tulsa, Oklahoma, for Plaintiffs-Appellants and Cross-Appellees in Appeal Nos. 93-6143 and 93-6163, and Defendants-Third-Party-Plaintiffs-Appellants and Defendants-Third-Party-Plaintiffs-Appellees in Appeal Nos. 93-6158 and 93-6181.

F. Thomas Cordell, Jr., of Huckaby, Fleming, Frailey, Chaffin & Darrah, Chickasha, Oklahoma (John Dexter Marble of Huckaby, Fleming, Frailey, Chaffin & Darah, Chickasha, Oklahoma, Victor C. Harwood, III, Edward Zampino, and Peter E. Mueller of Harwood Lloyd, Hackensack, New Jersey, with him on the brief), for Defendants-Appellees and Cross-Appellants in Appeal Nos. 93-6143 and 93-6163, and Garnishee-Appellees and Garnishee-Appellants in Appeal Nos. 93-6158 and 93-6181.

June L. Chubbuck of Chubbuck, Bullard & Hoehner, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Ira Goldberg of Long & Levit, San Francisco, California, Eileen M. Morris, Kenneth W. Elliott, and Duncan Parks of Elliott & Morris, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Donald R. Wilson and Brenda K. Peterson of Fenton, Fenton, Smith, Reneau & Moon, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and Marjorie H. Mintzer of Sheft & Sheft, New York, New York, filed briefs for Defendants-Appellees and Cross-Appellants in Appeal Nos. 93-6143 and 93-6163, and Garnishee-Appellees and Garnishee-Appellants in Appeal Nos. 93-6158 and 93-6181.

Richard C. Ford (Andrew M. Coats and Leanne Burnett with him on the brief) of Crowe & Dunlevy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, for Plaintiff-Appellant in Appeal No. 93-6144.

Stephen P. Friot (Susan Moebius Henderson with him on the brief) of Spradling, Alpern, Friot & Gum, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, for Defendants-Appellees in Appeal No. 93-6144.

Larry Derryberry and Bert E. Marshall of Derryberry, Quigley, Parrish, Solomon & Blankenship, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, filed an amicus curiae brief for the Insurance Environmental Litigation Association.

Before BALDOCK, BARRETT, and BRORBY, Circuit Judges.


BALDOCK, Circuit Judge.

Appellants in these three cases disposed of hazardous wastes at the Hardage hazardous waste site ("Hardage Site") near Criner, Oklahoma. In three separate actions before two district courts, Appellants claimed insurance companies that had sold umbrella liability or comprehensive general liability ("CGL") policies to entities that disposed of waste at the Hardage Site were obligated to provide coverage for environmental clean-up costs at the...

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