ARMENDARIZ v. PENMAN

Nos. 93-55393, 93-55587 and 93-55748.

31 F.3d 860 (1994)

Tomas ARMENDARIZ; Rosa Armendariz; Harry Julian Brown, Jr.; Lance A. Bukouskis, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. James F. PENMAN; W.R. Holcomb; David M. Stachowski; Cecil Dillard; Kenneth J. Henderson, et al., Defendants-Appellants. Tomas ARMENDARIZ; Rosa C. Armendariz; Harry Julian Brown, Jr.; Lance A. Bukouskis, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. James F. PENMAN; W.R. Holcomb; David M. Stachowski; Cecil Dillard; Kenneth J. Henderson, et al., Defendants, and Al Boughey; Larry Reed, Defendants-Appellants. Tomas ARMENDARIZ; Rosa C. Armendariz, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. James F. PENMAN, Defendant-Appellant.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Decided August 1, 1994.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Christopher D. Lockwood, MacLachlan, Burford & Arias, San Bernardino, CA, for all defendants-appellants except W.R. Holcomb.

Cynthia Ludvigsen, San Bernardino, CA, for defendant-appellant W.R. Holcomb.

Darlene Fischer Phillips, Hill, Farrer & Burrill, Los Angeles, CA, for plaintiffs-appellees.

Before: FARRIS, O'SCANNLAIN, and TROTT, Circuit Judges.


OPINION

FARRIS, Circuit Judge:

In 1991, the City of San Bernardino closed a number of low-income housing units in the Arden-Guthrie section of town pursuant to a series of housing code inspections, referred to in the trade as "sweeps". Plaintiffs own or owned 95 four-unit apartment buildings in Arden-Guthrie, a substantial number of which were closed during the sweeps. They contend that 1) the purpose of the sweeps was to force (a) persons with criminal...

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