MOTOR VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES, INC., Association of International Automobile Manufacturers, Inc., Plaintiffs-Appellants-Cross-Appellees,
v.
NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, Thomas C. Jorling, Commissioner of Environmental Conservation of the State of New York, Defendants-Appellees-Cross-Appellants,
Environmental Defense Fund, Inc., NYS Electric & Gas Corporation, Intervenors-Defendants-Appellees-Cross-Appellants,
American Petroleum Institute, Intervenor-Defendant-Appellee.
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.https://leagle.com/images/logo.png
December 9, 1993.
Decided February 9, 1994.
Attorney(s) appearing for the Case
Edward Warren, Washington, D.C. (Daniel F. Attridge, Stuart A.C. Drake, Gary E. Marchant, Kirkland & Ellis, Washington, D.C.; Phillip D. Brady, V. Mark Slywynsky, American Automobile Manufacturers Association, Detroit, Michigan; Charles H. Lockwood, John T. Whatley, Association of International Automobile Manufacturers, Inc., Rosslyn, Virginia; all of counsel), for appellants.
Joan Leary Matthews, Assistant Attorney General, State of New York, Albany, New York (Robert Abrams, Attorney General of the State of New York, Peter H. Schiff, Deputy Solicitor General, Val Washington, Helene G. Goldberger, Assistant Attorneys General, Albany, New York; James T.B. Tripp, Paul Miller, Environmental Defense Fund, Inc., New York, New York; John D. Draghi, Seth A. Davis, Michael G. Psareas, Huber, Lawrence & Abell, New York, New York; William H. Lewis, Jr., Hunter L. Prillaman, Morgan, Lewis & Bockius, Washington, D.C.; G. Kimball Williams, Jeffrey T. Culkin, McNamee, Lochner, Titus & Williams, P.C., Albany, New York; G. William Frick, David T. Deal, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C.; all of counsel), for appellees.
Lois J. Schiffer, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Environment and Natural Resources Division, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C. (David C. Shilton, Timothy J. Dowling, Attorneys, Environment and Natural Resources Division, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.; Jean C. Nelson, General Counsel, Alan W. Eckert, Associate General Counsel, Keven W. McLean, Attorney, Office of General Counsel, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.; all of counsel), filed a brief for the United States as Amicus Curiae.
Fred Devesa, Acting Attorney General of New Jersey, Trenton, New Jersey (Mary C. Jacobson, Assistant Attorney General, Howard Geduldig, Deputy Attorney General, Trenton, New Jersey; Scott Harshbarger, Attorney General of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts; all of counsel), filed a brief for the Attorneys General of New Jersey and Massachusetts as Amici Curiae.
Robert J. Grey, General Counsel, Long Island Lighting Company, Hicksville, New York (Mindy S. Novick, Elisa M. Pugliese, Hicksville, New York, of counsel), filed a brief for Long Island Lighting Company as Amicus Curiae.
John D. Dingell, Member of Congress, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. (David B. Finnegan, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., of counsel), filed a brief for the Honorable John D. Dingell, Member of Congress, as Amicus Curiae.
O. Peter Sherwood, Corporation Counsel of the City of New York (Leonard Koerner, Appeals Division, Elizabeth St. Clair, Marjorie Fox, Environmental Law Division, Corporation Counsel of the City of New York; New York, New York, of counsel), filed a brief for the City of New York as Amicus Curiae.
Jacqueline M. Warren, Berle, Kass & Case, New York, New York, filed a brief for American Lung Association, Natural Resources Defense Council, and League of Women Voters of New York State as Amici Curiae.
Before: NEWMAN, Chief Judge, CARDAMONE and JACOBS, Circuit Judges.
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
CARDAMONE, Circuit Judge:
The plaintiffs associations of American and foreign automobile manufacturers contest on this appeal the legality of defendant New York State's newly adopted rules regulating automobile tailpipe emissions. The most controversial issues to be resolved are whether New York State, like California, will in the coming years have a fixed percentage of zero emission automobiles, most likely, electric cars, and whether New York State, unlike California...
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