ILANA DIAMOND ROVNER, Circuit Judge.
This appeal raises the question of how "loss" should be calculated under Sentencing Guidelines section 2F1.1 in cases involving a "Ponzi" or pyramid scheme, when defendants have partially repaid fraudulently-obtained funds before detection of the scheme.
I.
Between January 1982 and April 1988, Richard Holiusa and his co-conspirators solicited investments in various companies, representing that they would reinvest...
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