GRAHAM v. INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DIST. NO. I-89

Nos. 93-6075, 93-6107.

22 F.3d 991 (1994)

Ladonna J. GRAHAM, as Personal Representative of Charles W. Graham, deceased, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. I-89, Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, Defendant-Appellee. Paula POINTER, as Mother and Next Friend of Benjamin P. Pointer, a minor under the age of eighteen years, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WESTERN HEIGHTS INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT, Defendant-Appellee.

United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.

April 20, 1994.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Mark Hammons of Hammons & Associates, Oklahoma City, OK, for plaintiffs-appellants.

Stacey L. Haws (Chris J. Collins with her on the briefs), Manchester, & Healy, Oklahoma City, OK, for defendant-appellee Independent School Dist. I-89.

Don R. Martin, Jr. (Reggie N. Whitten with him on the briefs), Mills, Whitten, Mills, Mills, & Hinkle, Oklahoma City, OK, for defendant-appellee Western Heights Independent School Dist.

Before MOORE and EBEL, Circuit Judges, and VRATIL, District Judge.


JOHN P. MOORE, Circuit Judge.

In these cases, plaintiffs appeal the district court's dismissal of their civil rights complaints.1 Plaintiffs maintain defendant school districts breached their constitutional duty to protect students from the actions of third parties. We are poignantly aware of the seeming transformation of our public schools from institutions of learning into crucibles of disaffection marred by increasing violence from...

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