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SKYBERG v. UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERN.

Nos. 92-3134, 92-3342.

5 F.3d 297 (1993)

Duane SKYBERG, Appellant, v. UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION, AFL-CIO; United Food and Commercial Workers International Union, Local 304A, Appellees, Duane SKYBERG; Roger Raile; Pat Siemonsma; Mark Reichelt; Gene E. Kessinger; Richard W. Erickson; Richard L. Schmidt; L.C. Cruthird; J.B. Tate; Dale M. Bergh; Lowell D. Larson; Roger H. Christensen; Ronald Costain; John H. Cox, Jr.; Wayne C. Wieczorek; George S. Shaw; Dennis Tilden; Lana Ingalls; Edwin A. Haffner; Keith E. Hodge; Robert M. Janssen; Neil C. Carpenter; Gary Voight; Richard Kloxin; General Lee Hardy; Leon Schoenwald; Eugene Haugstad; Don E. Hess; Paul Jackson; Bert VanderWaal; Jack A. Wiles; Gerald B. O'Brien; Gary L. Rames; Roger Benson; Leonard N. Otkin; Ray Ridenour; Albert VonBehren; Galen Ganschow; Gerald D. Skillman; Donnell Spears; William R. Wells; Linda R. Skillman; George W. Cleveland; Robert K. Boyum; Grant Edgecomb; Donald Gelskow; Duane Bolte; Michael E. Foss; Merlyn D. Tieszen; Kenneth C. Stanga; Marlyn Hylland; Rick A. Rieck; Gayle L. Holida; Francis Tindall; Terry Schlotterback; Duane V. Murra; Norman O. Schumaker; Alfred C. Hyser; James Spars; Eugene W. Heiden; Leon N. Anderson; David McCoy; Jerry Friessen; Jeffery Nelson; Dennis Arens; Russell F. Dietz; Darrell Newbern; Charles Amelang; Doug Sandberg; Wayne Kingsboro; Waldon Frerichs; Roger R. Allington; Mark Sinning; Dennis L. Bamsey; Dick E. Walters; Duane A. Nelson; Doris A. Walters; Linden Fickbohm; Dale L. Jibben; Robert Purlee; Ronald Tammen; Albert G. Kasemodel; Wayne Yarrow; Hurley Breen; Douglas Haugstad; Thomas H. Brown; Dale Tracey; Wayne J. Brannan; Mark F. Darger; William L. DeLay; Jerome P. Geraets; Dennis Krueger; Franz Frerichs; Jan M. Aichele; Darrell G. Messer; Gerrit M. Van Laar; Richard J. Kueter; Jeremiah W. Smith; Carl Dammer; Robert J. Snyders; George R. Redenius; Thomas J. McMohon; Leamon Hendrix; Wessley L. Campbell; Anthony J. Irvine; Dan Moran; Willard A. Bowne; Larry Kuhnert; Duane L. Christensen; John D. Christion; Lonnie Schultz; Robert L. Soma; Phyllis J. Thompson; Mark S. Reiners; Kevin Hagen; William J. Brannan; Cecil Johnson; Glen V. Walters; Ronald F. Benning; Titus J. Friedrich; Jerry Lee Taylor; Fred Lee; Delmar Ballerman; Herman E. Keikwold; Patti J. Fox; Dennis Zahrenhusen; Matthew J. Balk; Don Fox; Robert F. Hall; Robert J. Gacke; Jerry T. Peterson; Ervin Fetters; Robert A. Decker; Kenneth G. Gunderson; Kenneth Raanes; Jerry L. Bender; Cindy S. Fines; Charlene Wright; Richard Richter; Luella G. Lafrentz; James E. Symes; Parker J. Kunkel; Steve Wallenstein; Randy L. Jacobson; Eric E. Pedde; Leon L. Gerdes; Monte R. Martell; Lynn Joneson; Lyle Olson; Linda McCollar; Arlene F. Brasel; Steve Christian; Hilman Fleischhacker; Doris M. Miller; James Brandt; Vincent P. Siemonsma; Donald B. Thompson; Freddie Crawford; Jeff D. Swenson; James B. Siemonsma; Lawrence M. Hanson; Raymond W. Gardner; Dennis Puthoff; Annie L. Vaughn; Robert Jensen; Robert E. Williams; Ronald L. Beaner; Ronald D. Hatch; Richard O. Nelson; Wanda DeBoer, Executrix of the Donald DeBoer Estate; Delores J. Butenschoen; Gary K. Mears; Larry D. Plucker; James L. Wilkin; Robert L. Crowe; James G. Wermers; Robert E. Williams; Larry Kluin; Gene White; Leonard L.R. Christian; Rondall D. Roskens; Linda K. Hanson; Dennis McDonald; Robert Wallenberg; James O'Toole; Charles R. Kueter; John R. Hennings; Mike McConnell; Marriann M. Sudenga; Jeff J. Steward; Gene E. Paetow; Ronald W. Plucker; Marilyn Pesicka; Charles W. Headrick; Roger Leeper; Howard D. Rehfeldt; Donald Rames; Robert L. Bronson; Kenneth K. Koopman; Robin D. Shaw; Donald L. Lager; Robert Leloux; Jimmie D. Schmuck; Gregory M. Johnson; Donald D. Otten; Daryl Sagness; Susan K. Johnson; Alan Amundson; Jack D. Hamilton; Alvin Pesicka; Leo J. Ennis; John Ogle; Duane Hartman; Dennis E. Thomas; Todd Schmig; William R. Henle; Jerome L. Gaspar; Dennis C. Wettig; Tom Ruhlman; James D. Amundson; William Dean Haley; Monte Skillman; Ron Schultz; Jack Dailey; Jerry M. Thornton; Wendell Fleischhacker; Curtis J. Anderson; Walter N. Jonnes; Marlys Y. Madsen; William G. Miller; Beverly J. Hill; Kevin R. Snyders; Duwayne L. Wolleber; Jack E. Nelson; Steve Aulner; Brian Versluys; Daryl Buthe; Judy Baker; Darrell Wampler; Marvin L. Skow; Dale L. Phelps; Luverne C. Frerichs; Monte Muchow; Gordon Spars; Steven Fritz; Hans Kjergaard; Larry Bethke; Richard J. Eulberg; Michael Tanner; Cynthia Voelker; Linda J. Wahlert; Larry Beynon; Matthew Long; Randy L. Horn; Joe D. Vaughn; Donna Van-Hove; Robert Rehfeldt; Rodney L. Javers; Gene Wiblemo; Jerry W. Kappenman; Mike Siemonsma; Elbert Thompson, Sr.; Kim Rensch; Lombus Crenshaw; Mack Henderson; Don K. Smith; Dale R. Entringer; William Breen, Jr.; Daniel Watkins, Sr.; Vernon Jelsma; Robert H. Namanny; William H. Dickey; Sylvester Fair; Sharla Conklin; Norman J. Eide; Mark John Ault; Gene L. Zimmer; Thomas L. Hamilton; Marvin L. Nytroe; John P. Decou; Leroy Geiken; Donald Horton; Eugene Struck; Robert Paul Brinkhus; Constance Lewis; William Wolf; Kenneth Foss; Milvia Ellsworth; Arnold A. Abbas; John M. Miller; James Sibert, Jr.; Gwen Sibert; Ronald Running; Douglas J. Martinek; Jeff T. Geraets; Mark Downs; Daniel Jay Christensen; Frank H. Petheram; Bruce Breen; Mark Bills; Steve Erickson; Gerard VanSurksum; Chad B. Outka; James A. Larson; Gerald Ordal; Duane H. Gustafson; David D. Gustafson; William M. Dooley; Steve Bannwarth; Wayne D. Taylor; Dennis L. Gannon; Gary W. Gibson; Jerome Halvorson, II; Ronald L. Chase; Dan Merrigan; Dale W. Kirk; James Huwe; Ray F. Atwood; Ben Otten; Alan G. Fodness; Terry Kapsch; Rhonda Wheeler; Kenneth L. Miller; David J. Wheeler; Cheryl Wheeler; Jerry D. Hurley; Reed L. Strom; Randy L. Hanson; Donald E. Roed; Tom C. Ryan, Jr.; Dennis Christensen; Cyril T. Gross; Donald R. Reurink; James L. Spicer; Allan L. Dreesman; Bruce J. Livesay; Sharon R. Bond; John Poppenga; Jerry R. Zeig; Vincent L. Huwe; Donald Reiter; James W. Tatge; Steve Heiman; Richard Thompson; Charles E. Kepford; Robert J. Miller; Merle E. Marshall; Dale D. Long; Michael Hoek; Joseph R. Donelan; David Twedell; Ronald G. Sechser; Terry L. Baum; Glenn Edberg; Douglas A. Langdon; Adam T. Pham; Dan Moyer; Terry Bendt; Raymond L. Wold; Keith E. Kepford; John E. VanVelzen; Douglas L. Foster; Robert J. Fetters; Steven C. Arens; Randall Vance; Roger Bute Anderson; Richard Sundem; Calvin G. Chambers; Richard J. Kueter, Jr.; Craig Franken; Jack J. Parker, Sr.; Kenneth Blom; Thomas E. Coyne; Kenneth H. Kwallek; Scott Ulrikson; Ronald R. Jacobson; Thomas R. Dossett; William Dean McKinney; Mike Kapsch; Roland Pearson; Sheridan C. Johnson; Donald E. Meints; Robert J. Fansin; Gena Ellefson; Stephen T. O'Hara; Jerry L. Muchow; Eugene E. Lambert; David Washburn; Tom Fiedler; James A. Donelan; Douglas M. Walker; Gene M. Nelson; Jon Volz; Eddie Everson; Thomas Gerwer; Johnny Bernard Christion; Dennis E. Blankartz; Vern Thompson; David Jackels; Walt Csordacsics; Harley D. Thompson; Donald L. Sundby; Clydeen Joy Korstad; William Joseph Essem; Jerry L. Edmunds; John Logan Smith, Jr.; Kevin Pulford; Phillip D. Crider; Randy Reichelt; Terry Gaspar; Dwane Muth; Connie J. Vithoven; Dennis Swenson; Bruce L. Berke; Leon H. Feldhaus; Jerry Murphy; Leonard H. Ellens, Jr.; Robert Berg; Lynus Pickart; Lawrence Hewer; Maynard Hennings; Terry Bills; Herman Smidt; Kenneth Haas; Jerrold A. Berke, Sr.; I. Cregg Else, Appellants, v. UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION, AFL-CIO; United Food and Commercial Workers International Union, Local 304A, Appellees.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

Decided September 14, 1993.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

A. Stevenson Bogue, Omaha, NE, argued (A.J. Swanson, Sioux Falls, SD, on the brief), for appellants.

Theodore Sachs, Detroit, MI, argued (Mary Ellen Gurewitz, Detroit, MI, on the brief), for appellee UFCW Intern. Union.

Irving M. King, Chicago, IL, argued (Kelly J. Hupfeld, on the brief), for appellee UFCW Local Union 304A.

Before JOHN R. GIBSON, Circuit Judge, ROSS, Senior Circuit Judge, and MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, Circuit Judge.

ROSS, Senior Circuit Judge.

This appeal is brought by 426 individuals (the "employees") who were employed at the John Morrell & Co. ("Morrell") meat packing plant in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and who were also members of the labor unions representing the plant workers, Local 304A, United Food and Commercial Workers Union, and United Food and Commercial Workers International Union, AFL-CIO (collectively referred to as the "unions"). The employees filed suit alleging...

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