AFL-CIO v. OSHA

Nos. 89-7185, 89-7186, 89-7217, 89-7248, 89-7249, 89-7253, 89-7256, 89-7274, 89-7355 and 89-7430.

965 F.2d 962 (1992)

AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR AND CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS, Petitioner, Interstate Natural Gas Association of America, Intervenors, v. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT Of LABOR, Respondent, Texas Laundry and Drycleaning Association, National Grain and Feed Association, National Industrial Sand Association, National Stone Association, Polyurethane Manufacturers Association, the Society of the Plastics Industry, Scientific Apparatus Makers Association, Thermal Insulation Manufacturers Association, Inc., United States Gypsum Company, USG Interiors, Inc., DAP, Inc., American Petroleum Institute, Chemical Manufacturers Association, American Gas Association, American Iron & Steel Institute, American Mining Congress, American Paper Institute, Inc., National Forest Products Association, Inc., Brush Wellman, Inc., NGK Metals Corporation, the Chlorine Institute, Inc., Corn Refiners Association, Inc., Courtaulds Fibers, Inc., Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance, Inco United States, Inc., Inco Ltd., Inter-Industry Committee on Carbon Disulfide, Inter-Industry Wood Dust Coordinating Committee, International Fabricare Institute, Furniture Workers Division, I.U.E., Local 800 Intervenors. AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE, Petitioner, Corn Refiners Association, Inc., Archer Daniels' Midland Company, A.E. Staley Manufacturing Company, National Grain & Feed Association, Inc., International Fabricare Institute, Texas Laundry and Drycleaning Association, United States Gypsum Company, USG Interiors, Inc., DAP, Inc., Intervenors, v. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Respondent, American Petroleum Institute, Chemical Manufacturers Association, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, Intervenors. CORN REFINERS ASSOCIATION, INCORPORATED, Archer Daniels' Midland Company, and A.E. Staley Manufacturing Company, Petitioners, American Iron and Steel Institute, National Grain & Feed Association, Inc., International Fabricare Institute, Texas Laundry and Drycleaning Association, the Fertilizer Institute, Intervenors, v. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Respondent, American Petroleum Institute, Chemical Manufacturers Association, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, Intervenors. INTERSTATE NATURAL GAS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, Petitioner, American Iron and Steel Institute, Corn Refiners Association, Inc., Archer Daniels' Midland Company, A.E. Staley Manufacturing Company, National Grain & Feed Association, Inc., International Fabricare Institute, Texas Laundry and Drycleaning Association, American Gas Association, Intervenors, v. Elizabeth Hanford DOLE, Secretary of Labor, and United States Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Respondents, American Petroleum Institute, Chemical Manufacturers Association, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, Intervenors. The SOCIETY OF THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY, INC., Petitioner, American Iron and Steel Institute, Corn Refiners Association, Inc., Archer Daniels' Midland Company, A.E. Staley Manufacturing Company, National Grain & Feed Association, Inc., International Fabricare Institute, Texas Laundry and Drycleaning Association, Intervenors, v. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Respondent, American Petroleum Institute, Chemical Manufacturers Association, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, Intervenors. AMERICAN MINING CONGRESS and the Coastal Corporation, Petitioners, American Iron and Steel Institute, Corn Refiners Association, Inc., Archer Daniels' Midland Company, A.E. Staley Manufacturing Company, National Grain & Feed Association, Inc., International Fabricare Institute, Texas Laundry and Drycleaning Association, Interstate Natural Gas Association of America, American Gas Association, Intervenors, v. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Respondent, American Petroleum Institute, Chemical Manufacturers Association, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, Intervenors. AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION, Petitioner, American Iron and Steel Institute, National Grain & Feed Association, Inc., International Fabricare Institute, Texas Laundry and Drycleaning Association, International Natural Gas Association of America, Intervenors, v. SECRETARY OF LABOR, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, and Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States Department of Labor, Respondents, American Petroleum Institute, Chemical Manufacturers Association, Intervenors. INCO UNITED STATES, INC. and Inco Ltd., Petitioners, American Iron and Steel Institute, Corn Refiners Association, Inc., Archer Daniels' Midland Company, A.E. Staley Manufacturing Company, National Grain & Feed Association, Inc., International Fabricare Institute, Texas Laundry and Drycleaning Association, Intervenors, v. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Respondent, American Petroleum Institute, Chemical Manufacturers Association, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, Intervenors. INTERNATIONAL FABRICARE INSTITUTE, for Itself and on Behalf of Its Members, Petitioner, American Iron and Steel Institute, Corn Refiners Association, Inc., Archer Daniels' Midland Company, A.E. Staley Manufacturing Company, National Grain & Feed Association, Inc., Intervenors, v. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Respondent, Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance, American Petroleum Institute, Chemical Manufacturers Association, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, Intervenors. CATERPILLAR, INC., Petitioner, American Iron and Steel Institute, Corn Refiners Association, Inc., Archer Daniels' Midland Company, A.E. Staley Manufacturing Company, National Grain & Feed Association, Inc., International Fabricare Institute, Texas Laundry and Drycleaning Association, Intervenors, v. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Respondent, American Petroleum Institute, Chemical Manufacturers Association, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, Intervenors.

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

July 7, 1992.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

George H. Cohen, John Rothchild, John M. West, Jeremiah A. Collins, Bredhoff & Kaiser, Laurence Gold, Washington, D.C., for petitioner in No. 89-7185.

Ann Rosenthal, U.S. Dept. of Labor, Washington, D.C., for respondent in No. 89-7185.

G. William Frick, Valerie J. Ughetta, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C., for American Petroleum Institute.

Norman W. Bernstein, Arant, Fox, Kintner, Plotkin & Kahn, Washington, D.C., for U.S. Gypsum Co., et al.

Neil J. King, Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, Washington, D.C., for Chemical Mfrs. Ass'n, Inco U.S., Inc., Inco Ltd., and intervenors in Nos. 89-7217, 89-7248 and 89-7249.

W. Caffey Norman, III, Heron, Burchette, Ruckert & Rothwell, Washington, D.C., for Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance (HSIA).

Katherine L. Rhyne, King & Spalding, Washington, D.C., for Inter-Industry Wood Dust Coordinating Committee (IIWDCC) and Caterpillar, Inc.

Michael, Best & Friedrich, Madison, Wis., for Polyurethane Mfrs. Ass'n.

James L. Matte, Timothy W. Johnson, John R. Crenshaw, Atlanta, Ga., for Furniture Workers Div., I.U.E., Local # 800.

Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, Washington, D.C., Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, New York City, for Thermal Insulation Mfrs. Ass'n, Inc. (TIMA).

Richard E. Schwartz, Nancy S. Bryson, Bartow Michael Hodge, Washington, D.C., for petitioner in No. 89-7186.

Charles I. Hadden, Nathaniel I. Spiller, Allen H. Feldman, Steven J. Mandel, Bette J. Briggs, Cynthia L. Attwood, Charles F. James, Charles P. Gordon, Ann Rosenthal, U.S. Dept. of Labor, Washington, D.C., for respondents in Nos. 89-7186, 89-7217, 89-7248, 89-7249, 89-7253, 89-7256, 89-7274, 89-7355 and 89-7430.

Neil Jay King, Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, Washington, D.C., for Chemical Mfg. "CMA".

Norman W. Bernstein, Arant, Fox, Kintner, Plotkin & Kahn, Washington, D.C., for intervenors in 89-7186.

Clausen Ely, Jr., Michael G. Michaelson, Covington & Burling, Washington, D.C., for petitioners in No. 89-7217.

John H. Cheatham, III, Jean E. Sonneman, Harold L. Talisman, Michael J. Thompson, Wright & Talisman, Washington, D.C., for petitioner in No. 89-7248.

Jerome H. Heckman, Peter L. de la Cruz, Mark A. Sievers, Kellerman and Heckman, Washington, D.C., for petitioner in No. 89-7249.

Timothy M. Biddle, Thomas C. Means, R. Timothy McCrum, Crowell & Moring, Washington, D.C., for American Min. Congress.

G. Mark Cook, Washington, D.C., for The Coastal Corp.

Miriam Swydan Pedersen, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary, American Gas Ass'n, Arlington, Va., for petitioner in No. 89-7256.

Wolf, Block, Schorr & Solis-Cohen, Duane A. Siler, Timothy A. Vanderver, Jr., Paul A.J. Wilson, David J. Farber, Patton, Boggs & Blow, Washington, D.C., for Intern. Fabricare.

Foster De Reitzes, W. Caffey Norman, Heron, Burchette, Ruckert & Rothwell, Washington, D.C., for Intervenor Halogenated Solvents.

Before FAY and COX, Circuit Judges, and JOHNSON, Senior Circuit Judge.


FAY, Circuit Judge:

In 1989, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ("OSHA"),1 a division of the Department of Labor, issued its Air Contaminants Standard, a set of permissible exposure limits for 428 toxic substances. Air Contaminants Standard, 54 Fed.Reg. 2332 (1989) (codified at 29 C.F.R. § 1910.1000). In these consolidated appeals, petitioners representing various affected...

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