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AERONAUTICAL RADIO, INC. v. F.C.C.

Nos. 88-1009, 88-1855, 89-1526 to 89-1529, and 89-1540 to 89-1543.

928 F.2d 428 (1991)

AERONAUTICAL RADIO, INC., Petitioner, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION and United States of America, Respondents, Skylink Corporation, Transit Communications, Inc., Hughes Communications Mobile Satellite Services, Inc., Mobile Satellite Corporation, American Mobile Satellite Corporation, Intervenors. GLOBESAT EXPRESS, Petitioner, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION, Respondent, Skylink Corporation, Hughes Communications Mobile Satellite Services, Inc., Global Land Mobile Satellite, Inc., Transit Communications, Inc., Mobile Satellite Corporation, McCaw Space Technologies, Inc., American Mobile Satellite Corporation, Intervenors. GLOBESAT EXPRESS, Appellant, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION, Appellee, Aeronautical Radio, Inc., Air Transport Association of America, Geostar Messaging Corporation, MTel Space Technologies Corporation, American Mobile Satellite Corporation, Hughes Communications Mobile Satellite Services, Inc., Intervenors. GLOBAL LAND MOBILE SATELLITE, INC., Petitioner, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION and United States of America, Respondents, Aeronautical Radio, Inc., Air Transport Association of America, MTel Space Technologies Corporation, Hughes Communications Mobile Satellite Services, Inc., American Mobile Satellite Corporation, Intervenors. GLOBAL LAND MOBILE SATELLITE, INC., Appellant, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION, Appellee, Aeronautical Radio, Inc., Air Transport Association of America, MTel Space Technologies Corporation, Hughes Communications Mobile Satellite Services, Inc., American Mobile Satellite Corporation, Intervenors. MOBILE SATELLITE SERVICE, INC., Appellant, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION, Appellee, Aeronautical Radio, Inc., Air Transport Association of America, Geostar Messaging Corporation, Hughes Communications Mobile Satellite Services, Inc., American Mobile Satellite Corporation, Intervenors. AERONAUTICAL RADIO, INC., et al., Appellants, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION and United States of America, Appellees, Geostar Messaging Corporation, American Mobile Satellite Corporation, MTel Space Technologies Corporation, Hughes Communications Mobile Satellite Services, Inc., Intervenors. AERONAUTICAL RADIO, INC., Appellant, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION and United States of America, Appellees, American Mobile Satellite Corporation, Hughes Communications Mobile Satellite Services, Inc., MTel Space Technologies Corporation, Intervenors. AERONAUTICAL RADIO, INC., et al. Petitioners, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION and United States of America, Respondents, American Mobile Satellite Corporation, Geostar Messaging Corporation, MTel Space Technologies Corporation, Hughes Communications Mobile Satellite Services, Inc., Intervenors. AERONAUTICAL RADIO, INC., et al., Petitioners, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION and United States of America, Respondents, American Mobile Satellite Corporation, Geostar Messaging Corporation, Hughes Communications Mobile Satellite Services, Inc., MTel Space Technologies Corporation, Intervenors.

United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit.

Decided March 19, 1991.

Rehearing Denied May 30, 1991.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

John L. Bartlett, with whom William B. Baker and Carl R. Frank, Washington, D.C., for Aeronautical Radio, Inc., and James E. Landry, Washington, D.C., for Air Transport Ass'n of America, were on the joint brief, for Aeronautical Radio, Inc., petitioner/appellant in 88-1009, 89-1540, 89-1541, 89-1542 and 89-1543 and intervenor in 89-1526, 89-1527, 89-1528 and 89-1529, and for Air Transport Ass'n of America, petitioner/appellant in 89-1540, 89-1542 and 89-1543 and intervenor in 89-1526, 89-1527, 89-1528 and 89-1529.

Michael J. Hirrel, with whom J. Geoffrey Bentley was on the joint brief, Washington, D.C., for Global Land Mobile Satellite, Inc., petitioner/appellant in 89-1527 and 89-1528 and intervenor in 88-1855 and for Globesat Express, petitioner/appellant in 88-1855 and 89-1526.

Roberta L. Cook, Counsel, F.C.C., with whom John E. Ingle, Deputy Associate Gen. Counsel, C. Grey Pash, Jr., and Gregory M. Christopher, Counsel, F.C.C., and James F. Rill, Asst. Atty. Gen., Catherine G. O'Sullivan and Robert J. Wiggers, Attys., U.S. Dept. of Justice, were on the brief, Washington, D.C., for respondents in 88-1009, 88-1855, 89-1526, 89-1527, 89-1528, 89-1529, 89-1540, 89-1541, 89-1542 and 89-1543.

William E. Zimsky was on the brief, New Orleans, La., for Mobile Satellite Service Corp., Inc., appellant in 89-1529.

Lon C. Levin, with whom Louis Gurman, Glenn S. Richards, Richard R. Zaragoza, Bruce D. Jacobs, Leonard H. Becker, and Jeffrey Kirchmeier, Washington, D.C., for American Mobile Satellite Corp.

Richard A. Zaragoza, with whom Bruce D. Jacobs, Washington, D.C., for Mobile Satellite Corp.

Neal M. Goldberg, Washington, D.C., for Skylink Corp.

Steven P. Goldman, Washington, D.C., for McCaw Space Technologies, Inc.

Thomas Gutierrez, Washington, D.C., for MTel Space Technologies Corp.

James F. Rogers, Washington, D.C., for Hughes Communications Mobile Satellite Service, Inc.

Andrew D. Lipman, Washington, D.C., for Transit Communications, Inc., were on the joint brief for intervenors in all cases.

John W. Pettit, Washington, D.C., also entered an appearance for intervenor Skylink Corp.

William D. Freeman, Washington, D.C., also entered an appearance for intervenor American Mobile Satellite Corp.

Gary M. Epstein, Washington, D.C., also entered an appearance for intervenor Hughes Communications Mobile Satellite Services, Inc.

David D. Oxenford, Washington, D.C., also entered an appearance for intervenor Mobile Satellite Corp.

Rhonda P. Kurtis, also entered an appearance for intervenor McCaw Space Technologies, Inc.

Daniel Van Horn, Washington, D.C., also entered an appearance for petitioner and intervenor Global Land Mobile Satellite, Inc.

James G. Ennis, Washington, D.C., entered an appearance for intervenor Geostar Messaging Corp.

Before EDWARDS, BUCKLEY and WILLIAMS, Circuit Judges.

Rehearing En Banc Denied in No. 88-1009 May 30, 1991.

Opinion for the Court filed by Circuit Judge HARRY T. EDWARDS.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION

II. BACKGROUND

A. The Frequency Allocation Decisions

B. The Ownership and Financial Requirements Rules

III. DISCUSSION

A. ARINC's Challenges to the Rulemaking Proceeding

1. The Commission's Rejection of ARINC's Application...

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