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BAKKER v. GRUTMAN

No. 90-2200.

942 F.2d 236 (1991)

James O. BAKKER, and Wife; Tammy Faye Bakker, Plaintiffs-Appellees, W. Ryan Hovis; Victoria L. Eslinger; Melvin Belli, Intervenors, v. Norman R. GRUTMAN; Grutman, Miller, Greenspoon & Hendler, Defendants-Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Decided July 29, 1991.

Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Norman Roy Grutman, Grutman, Miller, Greenspoon & Hendler, New York City, argued (Jewel H. Grutman, Grutman, Miller, Greenspoon & Hendler, Robert E. Meshel, D'Amato & Lynch, New York City, Jeter E. Rhodes, Jr., Whaley, McCutchen, Blanton & Rhodes, Columbia, S.C., on the brief), for defendants-appellants.

Deborah R.J. Shupe, Berry, Dunbar, Daniel, O'Connor, Jordan & Eslinger, Columbia, S.C., argued (Victoria L. Eslinger, James A. Merritt, Jr., Berry, Dunbar, Daniel, O'Connor, Jordan & Eslinger, Columbia, S.C., on the brief), for plaintiffs-appellees.

Before WIDENER and MURNAGHAN, Circuit Judges, and YOUNG, Senior District Judge for the District of Maryland, sitting by designation.

OPINION

MURNAGHAN, Circuit Judge:

In the law as it has evolved in the United States, normally a party, plaintiff or defendant (or the lawyers for either), whether prevailing or non-prevailing, must bear his or her own expenses, including attorney's fees and costs. Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. v. Wilderness Society, 421 U.S. 240, 247, 95 S.Ct. 1612, 1616, 44 L.Ed.2d 141 (1975) (the "American Rule"). There are exceptions...

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