LEAGUE OF UNITED LATIN AMERICAN CITIZENS COUNCIL # 4434 v. CLEMENTS

No. 90-8014.

914 F.2d 620 (1990)

LEAGUE OF UNITED LATIN AMERICAN CITIZENS COUNCIL NO. 4434, Plaintiffs-Appellees, and Jesse Oliver, et al., Intervening Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. William P. CLEMENTS, etc., et al., Defendants, Jim MATTOX, et al., Defendants-Appellees, Appellants, v. Judge F. Harold ENTZ, etc., Judge Sharolyn Wood, etc., and George S. Bayoud, Jr., etc., Defendants-Appellants, and Tom Rickhoff, Susan D. Reed, John J. Specia, Jr., Sid L. Harle, Sharon Macrae and Michael P. Pedan, Bexar County, Texas State District Judges, Appellants.

United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.

September 28, 1990.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Robert H. Mow, Jr., Bobby M. Rubarts, David C. Godbey, Jr., Hughes & Luce, Sidney Powell, Strasburger & Price, Dallas, Tex., for Entz.

J. Eugene Clements, Evelyn V. Keyes, Porter & Clements, Houston, Tex., for Wood.

John L. Hill, Jr., Andy Taylor, Liddell, Sapp, Zivley, Hill & Laboon, Houston, Tex., for Bayoud.

Seagal V. Wheatley, Donald R. Philbin, Jr., Oppenheimer, Rosenberg, Kelleher & Wheatley, Gerald H. Goldstein, Goldstein, Goldstein & Hilley, Joel H. Pullen, Kaufman, Becker, Pullen & Reibach, San Antonio, Tex., for Rickhoff et al.

R. James George, Jr., Graves, Dougherty, Hearon & Moody, John M. Harmon, Margaret H. Taylor, Austin, Tex., for Chapman, Stovall, Schraub, Cornyn, Hester, Paxson, Kirk & Walker.

Michael E. Tigar, Austin, Tex., for Bexar County, etc., et al.

Michael Ramsey, Ramsey & Tyson, Houston, Tex., for amicus 27 Incumbent Judges of Harris County.

Daniel M. Ogden, Washington Legal Foundation, Paul Strohl, Washington, D.C., for amicus curiae, Washington Legal Foundation, in support of defendant-intervenor Dallas County Judge F. Harold Entz.

Thomas F. Rugg, Chief, County Dist. Attys. Office, Beaumont, Tex., Mark H. Dettman, Midland, Tex., for amicus curiae, Jefferson County Dist. Judges.

Rolando L. Rios, Susan Finkelstein, San Antonio, Tex., for League of United Latin Am. Citizens & Christina Moreno.

Walter L. Irvin, Dallas, Tex., for amicus Brashear, et al. on behalf of appellees.

William L. Garrett, Garrett, Thompson & Chang, Dallas, Tex., for appellees.

Gabriell K. McDonald, Matthews & Branscomb, Austin, Tex., for Legislative Black Caucus and Houston Lawyers Assoc.

Jim Mattox, Atty. Gen., Austin, Tex., pro se.

Renea Hicks, Javier Guajardo, Sp. Asst. Attys. Gen., Austin, Tex., for Mattox, et al. & Bayoud (in his official capacity only).

Sherrilyn A. Ifill, NAACP Legal Defense and Ed. Fund, Inc., New York City, N.Y., for Houston Lawyers Assoc.

Edward B. Cloutman, III, Mullinax, Wells, Baab & Cloutman, E. Brice Cunningham, Dallas, Tex., for Jesse Oliver, et al.

Robert G. Pugh, Robert G. Pugh, Jr., Shreveport, La., Kenneth C. DeJean, Baton Rouge, La., for amicus Roemer.

Cynthia Rougeou, Legal Div., Office of Sec. of State, Baton Rouge, La., for La. Secretary of State.

Michael Rubin, Rubin, Curry, Colvin & Joseph, Baton Rouge, La., for La. D. Judges Assoc.

Fournier J. Gale, III, Maynard, Cooper, Frierson, N. Birmingham, Ala., for amicus State of Alabama.

Ernest L. Johnson, Baton Rouge, La., for Janice Clark, et al.

Susan E. Russ, Spec. Asst. Atty. General, Montgomery, Ala., for State of Alabama, et al.

Before CLARK, Chief Judge, GEE, POLITZ, KING, JOHNSON, JOLLY, HIGGINBOTHAM, DAVIS, JONES, SMITH, DUHÉ, WIENER, and BARKSDALE, Circuit Judges.


GEE, Circuit Judge:

Today we must decide whether Congress, by amending Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act in 1982 to add a "results" test for dilution of minority voting strength, meant to subject the selection of state judges to the same test as that for representative political offices by incorporating language from the Supreme Court decision in White v. Regester.1 For reasons to be given — and for the cardinal reason that...

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