REUBER v. FOOD CHEMICAL NEWS, INC.

Nos. 88-2641-88-2643.

899 F.2d 271 (1990)

Melvin D. REUBER, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. FOOD CHEMICAL NEWS, INC.; Defendant-Appellant, and Litton Industries, Inc.; Litton Bionetics, Inc.; Vincent T. Devita, Jr., National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health; Richard Adamson, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health; William V. Hartwell, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health; William Payne, Frederick Cancer Research Center; Michael G. Hanna, Jr., Frederick Cancer Research Center; James C. Nance, Litton Bionetics, Inc.; I.J. Fidler, Frederick Cancer Research Center; United States of America; U.S. Department of Health & Human Services; Environmental Protection Agency, Defendants, The Newsletter Association; Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Press Association; National Association of Broadcasters; The Radio-Television News Directors Association; The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press; Washington Merry-Go-Round, Inc.; The Washington Post, Amici Curiae. Melvin D. REUBER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. LITTON INDUSTRIES, INC.; Litton Bionetics, Inc.; Vincent T. Devita, Jr., National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health; Richard Adamson, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health; William V. Hartwell, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health; William Payne, Frederick Cancer Research Center; Michael G. Hanna, Jr., Frederick Cancer Research Center; James C. Nance, Litton Bionetics, Inc.; I.J. Fidler, Frederick Cancer Research Center; U.S. Department of Health & Human Services; Environmental Protection Agency, Defendants-Appellees. and United States of America; Food Chemical News, Inc., Defendants, The Newsletter Association; Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Press Association; National Association of Broadcasters; the Radio-Television News Directors Association; the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press; Washington Merry-Go-Round, Inc.; The Washington Post, Amici Curiae. Melvin D. REUBER, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. LITTON INDUSTRIES, INC.; Litton Bionetics, Inc.; Michael G. Hanna, Jr., Frederick Cancer Research Center; James C. Nance, Litton Bionetics, Inc.; I.J. Fidler, Frederick Cancer Research Center, Defendants-Appellants, and Vincent T. Devita, Jr., National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health; Richard Adamson, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health; William V. Hartwell, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health; William Payne, Frederick Cancer Research Center; United States of America; U.S. Department of Health & Human Services; Environmental Protection Agency; Food Chemical News, Inc., Defendants, The Newsletter Association; Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Press Association; National Association of Broadcasters; The Radio-Television News Directors Association; The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press; Washington Merry-Go-Round, Inc.; The Washington Post, Amici Curiae.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Decided March 20, 1990.

As amended April 5, 1990.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Frances E. Kanterman, Leonard E. Cohen (Frank, Bernstein, Conaway & Goldman, on brief), Aaron L. Handleman (Melissa Chappell-White, Laxalt, Washington, Perito & Dubuc, on brief) for appellants.

Raymond Donald Battocchi (Isaac N. Groner, Walter H. Fleischauer, Cole and Groner, P.C., on brief), Gerald P. Greiman (Green, Hoffmann & Dankenbring, Roger C. Spaeder, Leslie A. Blackmon, Zuckerman, Spaeder, Goldstein, Taylor & Kolker, Alphonse M. Alfano, Bassman, Mitchell & Alfano, E. Grey Lewis, McDermott, Will & Emery, on brief) for appellees.

(Lee Levine, James E. Grossberg, Ross, Dixon & Masback, Henry L. Baumann, Steven A. Bookshester, J. Laurent Scharff, Pierson, Ball & Dowd, Jane E. Kirtley, Boisfeuillet Jones, Jr., Barbara P. Percival, on brief), for amici curiae.

Before WILKINS, Circuit Judge, WINTER, Senior Circuit Judge, and HARVEY, Chief United States District Judge for the District of Maryland, sitting by designation.


HARRISON L. WINTER, Senior Circuit Judge:

These consolidated appeals raise myriad issues, but the principal ones concern the law of defamation and invasion of privacy.

I. Introduction

In 1981 the plaintiff Melvin Reuber worked for Litton Bionetics, Inc. (Litton), a private research firm, as a pathologist researching the potential carcinogenic effects of various chemicals.1 Litton...

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