U.S. v. AMERICAN INVESTORS OF PITTSBURGH, INC.

Nos. 88-3169 to 88-3171, 88-3231 and 88-3232.

879 F.2d 1087 (1989)

The UNITED STATES v. AMERICAN INVESTORS OF PITTSBURGH, INC., John J. Bruno, John W. Mendicino, Charles Krzywicki, Alan Zytnick, Louis J. Pecori. Appeal of John J. BRUNO. The UNITED STATES v. AMERICAN INVESTORS OF PITTSBURGH, INC., John J. Bruno, John W. Mendicino, Charles Krzywicki, Alan Zytnick, Louis J. Pecori. Appeal of John W. MENDICINO. The UNITED STATES v. AMERICAN INVESTORS OF PITTSBURGH, INC., John J. Bruno, John W. Mendicino, Charles Krzywicki, Alan Zytnick, Louis J. Pecori. Appeal of Alan ZYTNICK. The UNITED STATES v. AMERICAN INVESTORS OF PITTSBURGH, INC., John J. Bruno, John W. Mendicino, Charles Krzywicki, Alan Zytnick, Louis J. Pecori. Appeal of AMERICAN INVESTORS OF PITTSBURGH, INC. The UNITED STATES v. AMERICAN INVESTORS OF PITTSBURGH, INC., John J. Bruno, John W. Mendicino, Charles Krzywicki, Alan Zytnick, Louis J. Pecori. Appeal of Charles KRZYWICKI.

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

Decided June 29, 1989.

Rehearing Denied July 24, 1989.

Rehearing and Rehearing Denied August 10, 1989.


Attorney(s) appearing for the Case

Richard Wile (Argued), Hess, Reich, Georgiades, Ray and Homyak, P.C., Pittsburgh, Pa., for appellants John J. Bruno and John W. Mendicino.

Thomas A. Livingston, (Argued), Livingston and Clark, Pittsburgh, Pa., for appellant Alan Zytnick.

Stanton D. Levenson (Argued), Pittsburgh, Pa., for appellants Charles Krzywicki and American Investors of Pittsburgh, Inc.

J. Alan Johnson, U.S. Atty., Constance M. Bowden (Argued), Asst. U.S. Atty., Pittsburgh, Pa., for appellee U.S.

Before HIGGINBOTHAM, MANSMANN and GARTH, Circuit Judges.


Rehearing Denied July 24, 1989 in Nos. 88-3171, 88-3231 and 88-3232.

Rehearing and Rehearing In Banc in Nos. 88-3169 and 88-3170 Denied August 10, 1989.

OPINION OF THE COURT

MANSMANN, Circuit Judge.

We today grapple with the extent of criminal liability imposed by the Currency Transactions Reporting Act, 31 U.S.C. §§ 5313(a); 5322 (as amended 1982), and its attendant regulations, prior to their 1986 amendment. Specifically...

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