PUBLIC CITIZEN, et al., Petitioners,
v.
NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, et al., Respondents,
Ford Motor Company, Automobile Importers of America, Inc., General Motors Corporation, State of New York, Intervenors.
PEOPLE of the State of California, et al., Petitioners,
v.
NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, et al., Respondents,
Ford Motor Company, Automobile Importers of America, Inc., General Motors Corporation, State of New York, Intervenors.
CITY OF NEW YORK, et al., Petitioners,
v.
NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, et al., Respondents,
Ford Motor Company, Automobile Importers of America, Inc., General Motors Corporation, State of New York, Intervenors.
CITY OF LOS ANGELES, a California Municipal Corporation, Petitioner,
v.
NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, et al., Respondents,
Automobile Importers of America, Inc., General Motors Corporation, Ford Motor Company, Intervenors.
United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit.https://leagle.com/images/logo.png
Argued November 25, 1986.
Decided June 7, 1988.
Attorney(s) appearing for the Case
Cornish F. Hitchcock, Washington, D.C., and Susan L. Durbin, Deputy Atty. Gen., State of Cal., Los Angeles, Cal., with whom Alan B. Morrison, Clarence M. Ditlow, III, Washington, D.C., for Public Citizen, et al., John K. Van de Kamp, Atty. Gen., State of Cal., San Francisco, Cal., Theodora Berger, Asst. Atty. Gen., Los Angeles, Cal., Craig C. Thompson, Deputy Atty. Gen., State of Cal., Sacramento, Cal., James D. Montgomery, Corp. Counsel, and Amy L. Beckett, Asst. Corp. Counsel, Chicago, Ill., Gary R. Netzer and Roger J. Holt, Los Angeles, Cal., Robert Abrams, Atty. Gen., State of N.Y., Peter Bienstock and Samuel A. Cherniak, Asst. Attys. Gen., State of N.Y., New York City, were on the joint brief for petitioners and intervenors in Nos. 85-1745 et al. Walter A. Kretz, Jr., New York City, entered an appearance for petitioners, City of New York, et al. in No. 85-1747. Nancy Minor, Asst. Corp. Counsel, Boston, Mass., entered an appearance for petitioner, City of Boston in No. 85-1747.
Ezra I. Bailik entered an appearance for intervenor, State of N.Y. in Nos. 85-1745 et al.
Mark B. Stern, Atty., Dept. of Justice, with whom Richard K. Willard, Asst. Atty. Gen., John F. Cordes, Atty., Dept. of Justice, Stephen P. Wood and David W. Allen, Asst. Chief Counsels, Enid Rubenstein, Eileen T. Leahy and J. Edward Clancy, Attys., Nat. Highway Traffic Safety Admin., Washington, D.C., were on the brief for respondents in Nos. 85-1745 et al.
Edward W. Warren, with whom David G. Norrell, Washington, D.C., Williams L. Weber, Jr., and Thomas L. Arnett, Detroit, Mich., were on the brief for intervenor, General Motors Corp. in Nos. 85-1745 et al. Arthur F. Sampson, III, Washington, D.C., also entered an appearance for intervenor, General Motors Corp.
Paula Winkler-Doman and James A. Brown, Dearborn, Mich., were on the brief for intervenor, Ford Motor Co. in Nos. 85-1745 et al.
Milton D. Andrews, Lance E. Tunick, Barry S. Neuman, Washington, D.C., and Charles H. Lockwood, III, Arlington, Va., were on the brief for intervenor, Auto. Importers of America, Inc. in Nos. 85-1745 et al.
Curtis F. Thompson, Asst. Atty. Gen., State of Mo., Jefferson City, Mo., was on the brief for amici curiae, State of Mo. and State of Okl., urging affirmance of the orders on review.
Joseph A. Califano, Jr. and Gerald M. Rosberg, Washington, D.C., were on the brief for amicus curiae, Chrysler Corp., urging remand.
Before MIKVA, RUTH BADER GINSBURG and SILBERMAN, Circuit Judges.
United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit.
Opinion for the court filed by Circuit Judge RUTH BADER GINSBURG.
Dissenting opinion filed by Circuit Judge SILBERMAN.
RUTH BADER GINSBURG, Circuit Judge:
Petitioners challenge a final rule issued by the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) pursuant to the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA);1 the rule, released September 30, 1985, set the mandatory Corporate Average Fuel Economy ...
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