Ordered that the judgment is affirmed.
Robbery in the second degree, as defined by Penal Law § 160.10 (2) (a), requires proof of physical injury to the victim, and physical injury, as defined by Penal Law § 10.00 (9), requires proof of an impairment of physical condition or substantial pain. The victim, who was 81 years old at the time of the crime, testified that the defendant grabbed him by his collar, threw him to the ground, pinned his arm against the...
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